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Wrap Up > Microbiology- Worms 1 > Flashcards

Microbiology- Worms 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Perianal scratch mainly at night. What test to diagnose?

A

Pinworm - Enterobius Vermicularis

Scotch tape test

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2
Q

Epidemiology of pinworm?

A

Crowded areas - daycare

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3
Q

Treatment of Enterobius Vermicularis

A

Pyrental pamoate or Mebendazole

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4
Q

Enterobius Vermicularis life cycle?

A

Egg in anus then into mouth then larvae in small intestine and then adult in cecum

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5
Q

What makes up the metazoans?

A

Multicellular - helminths, roundworms(nematodes), flatworms (trematodes, cestodes).

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6
Q

Life cycle of metazoans

A

Eggs—>Larval—.Adult stage

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7
Q

What makes up the protozoans?

A

Single celled, flagellates ( leishmania, giardia, trypanosoma), amoeba ( Entamoeba, Naegleria)

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8
Q

What is a reservoir

A

host which maintains the parasite in natureas a source of transmission

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9
Q

What is a definitive host

A

host where sexual reproduction takes place

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10
Q

What is an intermediate host

A

host where development occurs and NOT sexual reproduction

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11
Q

What is accidental host

A

host where parasite cannot complete its life cycle

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12
Q

Life Cycle of Whipworm and what stage is infective

A

Eggs in soil–>Swallowed–>Attach to gut wall–>Eggs excreted( not infective)–.Embryonate in soil (infective)

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13
Q

Clinical presentation of whipworm and treatment

A

Asymptomatic, chronic blood loss like inflammatory bowel disease. Mebendazoel or Albendazole

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14
Q

Life Cycle of Hookworm

A

Eggs in feceas->Rhabtiform Larva hatches->Filariform larvae penetrates skin->Adults in small intestine

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15
Q

Hookworm Name and pathogenesis and treatment

A

Necator americanus. Have teeth to eat and produce anticoagulant. Mebendazole

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16
Q

Effects of Hookworm infection

A

Iron deficiency

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17
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides. Features, Diagnosis. Treatment

A

Eggs irregular coating, intestinal obstruction, Eggs in stool. Pyrantel pamoate/Mebendazole

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18
Q

Toxocara canis ( visceral larva migrans)

A

Eggs from dog or cat roundworm ingested. Larva peetrate and go to liver, lungs and eyes causing inflammation. Human is accidental host

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19
Q

Toxocara canis ( cutaneous larva migrans)

A

Larva penetrates skin, migrates in subcutaneous tissue and cause inflammation

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20
Q

Worm in sputum of immuno-comprised host

A

Strongyloides stercoralis. Infective stage is filariform larvae

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21
Q

Diagnostic stage Strongyloide stercoralis

A

Rabtidiform larvae

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22
Q

Infective stage of Strongyloide stercoralis

A

Filariform larvae

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23
Q

What organism does auto-infection? Explain

A

Strongyloides stercoralis - Filariform in blood gets to lungs, then is swallowed into small intestine to become an adult. Eggs laid and Rabtidiform in large intestines become filariform larvae and penetrate the skin to get into blood and then lungs

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24
Q

Diagnosis of Strongyloides

A

Serology

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25
Q

Loeffler syndrome

A

Lung migration by Strongyloides

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26
Q

Treatment

A

Ivermectin, Albendazole

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27
Q

Aopted child from endemic country with eosinophilia

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

28
Q

Hunter with fever, periorbital edema, abdominal pain and diarrhea

A

Trichinella spiralis

29
Q

Infective Stage and Diagnostic stage of Trichinella?

A

Encysted larvae in straited muscle for both

30
Q

Sources of infection with Trichinella spiralis

A

Poorly cooked meat, pork

31
Q

Source of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariasis)

A

Mosquito

32
Q

What stage is diagnostic for Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariasis)

A

Microfilaria in blood stream at night, serology for Dx. Adults in lymphatics

33
Q

Pathophysiology of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariasis)

A

Adults die in lymphatics, calcifying and causing blockages resulting in elephantiasis.

34
Q

Treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariasis)

A

Diethylcarbamazine

35
Q

Organism causing multiple holes in a brain from a person in a rural area

A

TB or tapeworm( neurocysticercosis)

36
Q

Parts of a tapeworm and sex

A

Head with sucking ( scolex), proglottids ( segments with uteri) and hermaphrodites

37
Q

Mode of transmission for tapeworms ( 2)

A

Cattle ( T. saginata), Pigs ( T. solium)

38
Q

Diagnostic stage and Infective stage of tapeworms

A

Eggs or gravid proglottids in stool and Cysticerci

39
Q

What causes neurocysticercosis

A

T. solium - neurologic, ocular or muscular

40
Q

Treatment

A

Praziquantel and confirm with scolex

41
Q

Echinococcus granulosus definitive host

A

Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes

42
Q

Echinococcus granulosus intermediate host

A

sheep, goats

43
Q

Echinococcus granulosus diagnostic stage

A

Hydadid cyst in liver or lung

44
Q

Echinococcus granulosus infective stage

A

Embryonated eggs in feces

45
Q

Pathophysiology of Hydatid cyst

A

Liver cyst so appears as slow growing liver cancer.

46
Q

Treatment of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Mebendazole and Surgery. For surgery kill with ethanol first before removal to prevent anaphylaxis on rupture

47
Q

Intermediate host of Schistosomiasis

A

Water snail

48
Q

Infective stage of Schistosomiasis

A

Cercariae

49
Q

Diagnostic stages

A

Feceas - S. mansoni and japonicum. Urine- S. hematobium

50
Q

Organism with many nuclei and RBCs in it

A

Entamoeba histolytica

51
Q

Flask shape ulcers in large intestine

A

E. histolytica

52
Q

Infective stage of E. histolytica

A

Matured cysts and trophozoites in stools

53
Q

Diagnostic stage of E. histolytica

A

Matured cysts, trophozoite,

54
Q

Diagnosis of E. Histolytica

A

Cysts in stools, serology, antigen

55
Q

Treatment of E. Histolytica

A

Metronidazole for symptomatic infection, Paromomycin for eradication of luminal carriage

56
Q

Fresh water infection or tapwater in neti pots that migrates to the brain ( rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis)

A

Naegleria fowleri

57
Q

Treatment of Naegleria fowleri

A

Amphotericin B against in vitro infection

58
Q

Strawberry cervix with frothy vaginal discharge

A

Trichomonas ( no cysts formed so cannot live outside of humans)

59
Q

Life Cycle of Trichomonas

A

Just human beings. Cannot survive out of humans. Divides by binary fission

60
Q

Diagnosis of Trichomonas

A

Trophoziotes on wet mount (motile)

61
Q

Trophozoites with 2 nuceil, bilateral symmetry and Cysts with 4 nuclei

A

Giardia

62
Q

Foul smelling, fatty diarrhea

A

Giardia

63
Q

Diagnosis of Giardia

A

Cysts and trophozoites in stools

64
Q

Treatment of Giardia

A

Metronidazole

65
Q

Infective stage of Giardia

A

Cysts in food, water and stools

66
Q

Diagnosis of Giardia

A

Trophozoites in stool and cysts

67
Q

How Giardia reproduces

A

Longitudinal binary fission

Wrap Up (11 decks)

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