MICROBIOLOGY: VIRUSES

Question 1

What is recombination?

Answer 1

Exchange of genes between 2x chromosomes

• Crossover
• Occurs at location of sequence homology

Question 2

What is reassortment?

Answer 2

When segmented viruses exchange segments

E.g. influenza–> causes influenza pandemics

Question 3

What is a live attenuated vaccine?

Answer 3

Administration of a virus that has been made less virulent

Question 4

What type of immunity is generated against live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 4

Humoral and cell-mediated

Question 5

Are boosters needed for live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Who should NOT receive a live attenuated vaccine?

Answer 6

Immunocompromised

Question 7

What type of immunity is generated against killed/inactivated vaccines?

Answer 7

Humoral ONLY

Question 8

What vaccines are live/attenuated?

Answer 8

Smallpox
Yellow fever 
Chicken pox (VZV) 
Sabin polio 
MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)
Influenza (nasal)

Question 9

What vaccines are inactivated?

Answer 9

Rabies
Influenza (injected)
Salk polio
HAV

Question 10

What is the difference between the nasal and injected influenza vaccine?

Answer 10

Nasal= live attenuated

Injected= killed/ inactivated

Question 11

What is the difference between the Sabin and Salk polio vaccine?

Answer 11

Sabin= live 
SalK= Killed

Question 12

What are the recombinant vaccines?

Answer 12

HBV

HPV

Question 13

What type of genome do most DNA viruses have?

Answer 13

DsDNA

Question 14

What is the only genus of DNA virus without a dsDNA genome?

Answer 14

Parvoviridae (ssDNA)

Question 15

What is the morphology of most DNA viruses?

Answer 15

Linear

Question 16

What DNA viruses are NOT linear?

Answer 16

Papilloma
Polyoma
Hepadnaviruses

Question 17

What type of genome do most RNA viruses have?

Answer 17

ssRNA

Question 18

What is the exception to RNA viruses having a ssRNA genome?

Answer 18

Reoviridae that has dsRNA

Question 19

What is the mnemonic to remember all of the +ssRNA viruses?

Answer 19

“I went to a retro toga party, where I drank flavored corona and ate hippy California pickles.”

Retrovirus 
Togavirus
Flavivirus 
Coronavirus 
Hepevirus 
Calicvirus 
Picornavirus

Question 20

Where do DNA viruses replicate?

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

What DNA virus does not replicate in the nucleus?

Answer 21

Poxvirus (carries its own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)

Question 22

Where do RNA viruses replicate?

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

What RNA viruses do NOT replicate in the cytoplasm?

Answer 23

Influenza and Retrovirus

Question 24

What is the mnemonic to remember the enveloped viruses?

Answer 24

Give PAPP smears and CPR to naked Heppy

PAPP= DNA

• Papillomavirus
• Adenovirus
• Parvovirus
• Polyomavirus

CPR and Hep= RNA

• Calcivirus
• Picornavirus
• Reovirus (dsRNA)
• Hepevirus

Question 25

Where do enveloped viruses acquire their envelope?

Answer 25

Plasma membrane as they exit the cell

Question 26

What enveloped virus does NOT acquire its envelope from the plasma membrane of the cell?

Answer 26

Herpesvirus, which gets it from the NUCLEAR membrane

Question 27

What is the mnemonic to remember the DNA viruses?

Answer 27

HHAPPPPy viruses are DNA viruses - Hepadna - Herpes - Adeno - Pox - Parvo - Papilloma - Polyoma

Question 28

What are the general characteristics of the Herpesviruses i.e. envelope? genome? shape?

Answer 28

dsDNA enveloped linear

Question 29

What are the medically important Herpesviruses?

Answer 29

``` HSV-1 HSV-2 VZV EBV CMV HHV-6 HHV-7 HHV-8 ```

Question 30

What diseases are caused by HSV-1?

Answer 30

1) Oral herpes 2) Spontaneous temporal lobe encephalitis 3) Keratoconjuncitivitis

Question 31

What infection is caused by HSV-2?

Answer 31

Genital herpes | HSV-2= 2 testicles

Question 32

What diseases are caused by VZV?

Answer 32

1) Chicken pox 2) Shingles (Varicella Zoster Virus)

Question 33

What diseases are caused by EBV?

Answer 33

1) Mononucleosis 2) Burkitt Lymphoma 3) Hodgkin Lymphoma

Question 34

What diseases are caused by CMV?

Answer 34

1) Mononucleosis | 2) Congenital retinitis (Sight-o-megalovirus)

Question 35

What is the difference between EBV and CMV mononucleosis?

Answer 35

``` EBV= monospot positive CMV= monospot negative ```

Question 36

What disease is caused by HHV-6?

Answer 36

Roseola

Question 37

What disease is caused by HHV-7?

Answer 37

Less common form of Roseola

Question 38

What disease is caused by HHV-8?

Answer 38

Kaposi Sarcoma

Question 39

Generally, what disease is caused by the Hepadnavirus?

Answer 39

Viral Hepatitis

Question 40

Are the Hepadnaviruses enveloped?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

What is a unique feature of the Hepadnaviruses that generates a drug target?

Answer 41

Contains reverse transcriptase

Question 42

What are the general characteristics of the Papillomavirus i.e. envelope? genome? shape?

Answer 42

dsDNA nonenveloped circular

Question 43

What diseases are caused by the Papillomavirus?

Answer 43

HPV leading to: 1) Genital warts 2) CIN 3) Cervical cancer

Question 44

Which strains of HPV are associated with cervical cancer?

Answer 44

16 and 18

Question 45

Which strains of HPV are associated with genital warts?

Answer 45

1, 2, 6, and 11

Question 46

What are the general characteristics of the Orthomyxoviruses i.e. envelope? genome? shape?

Answer 46

-ssRNA Enveloped Helical

Question 47

What disease is associated with the Orthomyxoviruses?

Answer 47

Influenza

Question 48

What are the general characteristics of the Paramyxoviruses i.e. envelope? genome? shape?

Answer 48

-ssRNA Enveloped Helical

Question 49

What viruses fall into the Paramyxovirus family?

Answer 49

Remember PaRaMyxovirus: - P= parainfluenza - R= RSV - M= Measles and mumps

Question 50

What disease is caused by parainfluenza infection?

Answer 50

Croup

Question 51

What does RSV cause?

Answer 51

Bronchiolitis in babies