Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

First Aid 2014 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the retroperitoneal structures?

A

SADPUCKER

S= Suprarenal glands
A= Aorta and IVC 
D= Duodenum (2nd=4th parts) 
P= Pancreas (except tail) 
U= Ureters 
C= Colon (ascending and descending) 
K= Kidneys
E= Esophagus (lower 2/3) 
R= Rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the falciform ligament connect?

A

Liver and anterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the falciform ligament contain?

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis

*Derivative of the fetal umbilical vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the Hepatoduodenal ligament connect?

A

Liver to duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the Hepatoduodenal ligament contain?

A

Portal triad

  • Proper hepatic a.
  • Portal vein
  • Common bile duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the Gastrohepatic ligament connect?

A

Liver and lesser curvature of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the Gastrohepatic ligament contain?

A

Gastric arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the Gastrocolic ligament connect?

A

Greater curvature and transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the Gastrocolic ligament contain?

A

Gastroepiploic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the Gastrosplenic ligament connect?

A

Greater curvature and spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the Gastrosplenic ligament contain?

A

1) Short gastrics

2) Left gastroepilopic artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the Splenorenal ligament connect?

A

Spleen to posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the Splenorenal ligament contain?

A

1) Splenic artery and vein

2) Tail of the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the celiac trunk branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the SMA branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the IMA branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

L4–think Bi-FOUR-cate

*Into the right and left common iliac arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is SMA Syndrome?

A
  • This is when the SMA traps the 3RD PART OF THE DUODENUM like a nutcracker
  • Causes SBO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the branches of the abdominal aorta?

A

Prostitutes Cause Sagging Swollen Red Testicles [in men] Living In Sin

P= Phrenic (inferior) 
C= Celiac Trunk 
S= SMA 
S= Suprarenal 
R= Renal 
T= Testicular 
L= Lumbars 
I= IMA 
S= Sacral (medial sacral)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?

A

1) Common hepatic a.
2) Splenic a.
3) Left gastric a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the two major arterial anastasmoses of the stomach?

A

1) Left and right gastric a. supplying the lesser curvature

2) Right and left gastroepiploic a. supplying the greater curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If the superior epigastric a. or internal thoracic/mammary a. is blocked, what artery will provide anastamotic circulation? Where does this artery branch from?

A

Inferior epigastric, a branch of the external iliac a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If the superiorpancreaticoduodenal a. (Celiac trunk) is blocked, what artery will provide anastamotic circulation? Where does this artery branch from?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. (SMA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If the middle colic a. (SMA)is blocked, what artery will provide anastamotic circulation? Where does this artery branch from?

A

Left colic a. (IMA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If the superior rectal a. (IMA) is blocked, what artery will provide anastamotic circulation? Where does this artery branch from?

A

Middle and inferior rectal a., branches of the internal iliac a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are portosystemic anastamoses?

A

Communications between the portal venous system and the systemic venous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

List the clinically important portosystemic anastamoses.

A

1) Esophageal veins (systemic) drain into the left gastric vein (portal)
2) Small epigastric veins of the anterior abdominal wall (systemic) drain into the para-umbilical veins (portal)
3) Middle and inferior rectal vein (systemic) drains into the superior rectal vein (portal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of portal HTN?

A

1) Esophageal varices
2) Caput medusae
3) Anorectal varices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What surgical procedure can relieve portal HTN?

A

TIPS- Tranjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What veins are connected by the TIPS procedure?

A

Portal vein and hepatic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What forms the pectinate line?

A

This is where endoderm meets ectoderm in the rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What type of hemorrhoids are seen above the pectinate line? Below? Are they painful?

A 
Above= internal (painless b/c of visceral innervation) 
Below= external (painful b/c of somatic innervation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What type of cancer is common seen above the pectinate line? Below?

A 
Above= Adenocarcinoma 
Below= Squamous Cell Carcinoma
34
Q

Describe the arterial supply above and below the pectinate line

A 
Above= Superior rectal a. (IMA) 
Below= Inferior rectal a. (internal pudendal a.)
35
Q

Describe the venous drainage above the pectinate line.

A

Superior rectal vein–>IMA–>portal system

36
Q

Describe the venous drainage below the pectinate line.

A

Inferior rectal vein–>internal pudendal vein–>internal iliac vein–>IVC

37
Q

Where do anal fissures most commonly occur? What are symptoms of anal fissures?

A

Anal fissures occur below the Pectinate line:

  • Pain while Pooping
  • blood on toilet Paper
  • located Posterior b/c Poorly Perfused

*Remember the P’s of anal fissures

38
Q

What structure is obstructed by tumors in the head of the pancreas? Why does this lead to jaundice?

A

Tumors in the head of the pancreas obstruct the COMMON BILE DUCT

  • Conjugated bilirubin will lead out with bile
  • Jaundice results
39
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the organization of the inguinal canal?

A

NAVEL (from LATERAL to MEDIAL)

  • Nerve
  • Artery
  • Vein
  • empty
  • Lymphatics
40
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A 
Superior= inguinal ligament 
Lateral= Sartorious m. 
Medial= Adductor longus m.
41
Q

What structure of the inguinal canal is NOT located in the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral nerve (lateral and OUTSIDE of the femoral sheath)

42
Q

What ring do indirect hernia protrude through?

A

Internal inguinal or “deep” ring

43
Q

What do direct inguinal hernias protrude through?

A

Abdominal wall

44
Q

What forms the external spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord?

A

External oblique

45
Q

What forms the cremasteric muscle and fascia of the spermatic cord?

A

Internal oblique

46
Q

What forms the internal spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord?

A

Transversalis fascia

47
Q

What is the most common form of a diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Hiatal hernia

48
Q

In infants with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, what is the most common cause?

A

Defective development of the left pleuroperitoneal membrane

49
Q

What is the pathognomonic radiographic sign of a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

“Hourglass stomach”

50
Q

What type of hernia is more common in women?

A

FEMoral hernias (FEMales)

51
Q

What is the leading cause of bowel incarceration?

A

Femoral hernias

52
Q

Externally, how can you tell the difference between the Jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum has:

1) Less mesenteric fat
2) Fewer vascular arcades

53
Q

What is the source of CCK?

A

I-cells in the duodenum and jejunum

54
Q

What is the function of CCK?

A

CCK generally increases pancreatic secretion. More specifically,

1) Increased pancreatic secretion
2) Increased gallbladder contraction
3) Decreased gastric emptying
4) Relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi

55
Q

What is the source of Gastrin?

A

G-cells in the antrum of the stomach

56
Q

What are the positive regulators of Gastrin?

A
  • Stomach distention
  • Stomach alkalinization
  • Amino acids
  • Peptides
  • Vagal stimulation
57
Q

What are the negative regulators of Gastrin?

A

Stomach pH less than 1.5

58
Q

What are the functions of Gastrin?

A

1) Increased gastric H+ secretion
2) Growth of gastric mucosa
3) Increased gastric motility

59
Q

What is the source of Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide or GIP?

A

K-cells in the duodenum and jejunum

60
Q

What are the positive regulators of GIP?

A
  • Fatty acids
  • Amino acids
  • Oral glucose
61
Q

What is the function of GIP?

A

1) Decrease gastric acid secretion

2) Increased insulin release

62
Q

Why is oral glucose used more rapidly than IV glucose?

A

Oral glucose activates GIP that produces insulin; IV does NOT

63
Q

What is the source of Motilin?

A

Small intestine

64
Q

What regulating Motilin?

A

Motilin secretion is increased in the fasting state

65
Q

What is the function of Motilin?

A

Production of migrating motor complexes (MMCs)

66
Q

What antibiotic is a Motilin receptor agonist?

A

Erythromycin

67
Q

What is the source of Secretin?

A

S-cells in the duodenum

68
Q

What causes the secretion of Secretin?

A

Fatty acids in the lumen of the duodenum

69
Q

What is the function of Secretin?

A

1) Increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
2) Decreased gastric acid secretion
3) Increased bile secretion

Generally aids in the digestion of fats

70
Q

What is the source of Somatostatin?

A

D-cells in the pancreas

71
Q

What increases Somatostatin secretion?

A

Acid

72
Q

What decreases Somatostatin secretion?

A

Vagal stimulation

73
Q

What are the functions of Somatostatin?

A

Generally, somatostain is an inhibitory hormone that decreases:

1) Gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion
2) Pancreatic fluid secretion
3) Gallbladder contraction
4) Insulin and glucoagon release

74
Q

What is the function of NO in the GI system?

A

Smooth muscle relaxation

75
Q

What disease is loss of NO secretion associated with?

A

Achalasia

76
Q

What is the source of Vasoactive Intesintal Polypeptide (VIP)?

A

PNS ganglia in the:

  • Sphincters
  • Gallbladder
  • Small intestine
77
Q

What increases VIP release?

A

Distention and vagal stimulation

78
Q

What decreases VIP release?

A

Adrenergic input

79
Q

What are the functions of VIP?

A

1) Increased intestinal water and electrolyte secretion

2) Relaxation of smooth muscle and sphincters

80
Q

What is a VIPoma?

A

Pancreatic islet cell tumor that secretes VIP

81
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the symptoms caused by a VIPoma?

A

WDHA Syndrome

WD= Watery Diarrhea 
H= Hypokalemia 
A= Achlorhydria

First Aid 2014 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions