Microbiology important pathogens

Question 1

Streptococcus

Answer 1

gram positive cocci
opportunistic, commensal gut
ex: S. agalactiae (mastitis), S. equi (strangles)

Question 2

Staphylococcus

Answer 2

gram positive cocci
opportunistic, commensal skin/mm, antibiotic resistant strains
S. aureus: MRSA (antibiotic resistant strain), skin and soft tissue infections

Question 3

enterococcus

Answer 3

gram positive cocci
opportunistic, commensal gut
E. faecalis: causes UTI and septicemia in humans and animals, high level of antibiotics resistance

Question 4

what kind of bacterial arrangements are seen in gram negative cocci?

Answer 4

singles or diplococci

Question 5

Moraxella

Answer 5

gram negative cocci
M. bovis and M. ovis
causes IBK: infectious bovine keratoconjuntivitis

Question 6

Neisseria spp.

Answer 6

gram negative cocci
causes human meningitis and gonorrhea
infections from dog bites
causes abscesses in iguanas

Question 7

mycobacterium

Answer 7

gram positive rods
difficult to grow on typical growth media
acid fast positive
M. tuberculosis: TB, pneumonia in primates
M. avium: fatal GI and resp. infections in birds
M. paratuberculosis: chronic enteritis (Johne’s disease) in cattle

Question 8

bacillus

Answer 8

gram positive rods/bacilli
commensal, opportunistic, environmental
B. anthracis: spore-former that produces toxins, zoonotic

Question 9

Clostridium

Answer 9

gram positive rods/bacilli
anaerobic, spore-former

Question 10

Corynebacterium

Answer 10

gram positive rods/bacilli
palisading bacteria
C. pseudotuberculosis: “pigeon fever” in horses (causes abscesses on chest/abdomen: swelling resembles a pigeon breast)

Question 11

Erysiphelothrix (Erysipelas)

Answer 11

gram positive rods/bacilli
septicemia, high mortality, zoonotic, vaccinate
50% of pigs carry in pharynx and shed out in feces/urine/saliva: lives in the environment, diamond skin only seen in acute cases

Question 12

Actinomyces

Answer 12

gram positive rods/bacilli
anaerobic
filamentous
“lumpy jaw”

Question 13

Nocardia

Answer 13

gram positive rods/bacilli
acid fast positive
filamentous
>30 species cause disease in animals

Question 14

gram negative rods

Answer 14

include enteric bacteria (enterobacteriaciae), facultative anaerobes, and coliforms
most isolated pathogenic bacteria (urinary tract, resp. tract, systemic blood-borne sepsis infections)

Question 15

functions of normal flora

Answer 15

help digest food, extract nutrients from food, contribute to normal bowel movement and function, protect from harmful bacteria

Question 16

Escherichia

Answer 16

gram negative rods
E. coli: normal inhabitant in all mammals with lower numbers in herbivores
pathogenic strains can colonize outside or inside gut due to poor hygiene
causes UTI, enteritis, mastitis, scours, pyometra, and food poisoning in humans
0157: bioterrorist threat, antibiotic resistant strain
ESBL: highly pathogenic strain

Question 17

Pseudomonas

Answer 17

swarming bacteria
gram negative rods
causes otitis

Question 18

Proteus

Answer 18

swarming bacteria
gram negative rods
P. mirabilis: causes UTI, otitis
P. vulgaris: causes UTI, otitis; has antibiotic resistant strains

Question 19

Brucella abortus

Answer 19

gram negative rods
causes brucellosis, abortions
zoonotic

Question 20

Francisella tularensis

Answer 20

gram negative rods
causes Tularemia “rabbit fever”
affects rabbits, hares, rodents
causes sudden death
can be seen in dogs (mild) and cats (subclinical to death)
zoonotic

Question 21

Klebsiella

Answer 21

gram negative rods
causes mastitis

Question 22

Vibrio

Answer 22

spiral/curved bacteria
V. cholera: affects water, humans, aquatic mammals

Question 23

Leptospira

Answer 23

spiral/curved bacteria
causes kidney and liver failure, bleeding disorders (dogs)

Question 24

Borrelia

Answer 24

spiral/curved bacteria
B. burgdorferi: Lyme disease

Question 25

Campylobacter

Answer 25

spiral/curved bacteria
causes GI disease

Question 26

Helicobacter

Answer 26

spiral/curved bacteria
H. pylori: causes ulcers in humans and NHPs