Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards
anaerobic gram positive cocci
peptostreptococci
anaerobic gram positive rods
propionibacterium
what are the three major organisms of anaeroboes
actinomyces
bacteroides
clostridia
two bugs that cause constipation
typhoid
bostulism
what are the three mechanisms of anaerobe culture
gas pack
oxyplates
glove box
how do anaerobes generate energy
by only fermentation
if the statement says the anaerobe cannot grow in the intestine and only is in the skin
propionibacterium
where does clostridia grow
intestine
bacteroides fragillis is found
intestine
fusobacterium is found
mouth and intestine
peptostreptococci is found
mouth, intestine, urogenital
what type of infections do anaerobes usually occur
endogenous infections
polymicrobial infections
anaerobes
gram stain and shape of actinomyces
gram positive rod
acid fast
nocardia and TB
filamentous forms hypahe
actinomyces
chronic granulmatous lesions
actinomyces
grains of sand
actinomyces
forms abcesses connected to sinus tract
actinomyces israelli
invasive dental work, lumpy jaw
actinomyces
branching filamentous gram positive rod
nocardia, tuberculosis
most common actinomyces infection
cevicofacial
women with IUD
pelvic infection with actinomyces
common manifestation of brain abscesses
actinomyces
sulfur granules
actinomyces
white colonies with domed surface
actinomyces
gram negative pleomorphic rod
bacteroides fragilis
has LPS but is not toxic
bacteroides fragilis
intraabdominal infections usally from trauma or abdominal surgery
b fragilis
abcess formation in female genital tract
b fragillis
how does gastroenteritis caused by B fragilis
self limited watery diarrhea, enterotoxin caused by changes of GI epithelium via F actin rearrangement- chloride scretion and fluid loss
gas in specimen
b fragilis
infect adjacent to mucosal membrane
b fragillis
bile esculin agar
b fragillis
gram positive spore forming rod
clostridia
can survive years in soil
clostridia
highly resistant to physical and chemical agents
clostrida
ubiquitous in soil, water, and sewage part of normal GI normal flora
clostridia
what are the clostriudm species
perfringes, tetani, botulinum, difficile
what causes psuedomembranous colitis
c difficile
what is responsible for gas gangrene, food poisoning and necrotizing enteritis
clostridium perfringens
nonmotile but spreads on the media
c perfringes
flat spreading colonies
perfringes
double zone of hemolysis
c perfringens
complete hemolysiis cuased by
omega toxin
wider zone of partial hemolysis caused by
alpha toxin
very rapid generation time
C perfringes
gas gangrene
c perfringes
alpha toxin of c perfringes
mediates gangrene
type C perfringes causes
enteritis necroticans
cellulitis with gas formation
c perfringes
suppurative myositis
accumulation of pus in muscle planes, result of c perfringes
toxic delirium
c perfringes
hypovolemia of c perfringes is caused by
circulating toxin
shiny bronz color wound
gas gangrene
what toxin of C perfringes causes capillary damage, and thrombocytopenia
alpha toxin
antibiotic associated dirrhea in nursing home residents
c perfringes
papua new guinea, undercooked contaminaed pork with sweet potatoes
c perfringes
necrotizing enteriitis is caused by what toxin
beta toxin
nagler reaction on egg yolk agar
C perfringes
stormy fermentation: coagulation of moil
C perfringes
round terminal spores
C tetani
pig bel
c perfringes
looks like a drumstick
C tetani
hoarse manure
C tetani
what are the two toxins associated with C tetani
oxygen labile hemolysin, heat labile neuroxin
oxygen labile hemolysin
tetanolysin
heat labile neurotoxin
tetanospasmim
what toxin associated with tetanus
tetanospasm, heat labile neurotoxin
heat labile neurotoxin is what type of toxin
AB type toxin, b Binds gangliosides on neurons and A enters cytoplasm
tetanus toxin casues two CNS problems
prevents release of inhibitory transmitters (GABA and glycine)
promotes muscle over activity (spastic paralysis)
what are the four manifestations of C tetani
generalized tetanus
localized tetanus
cephalic tetanus
tetanus neonatorum
lock jaw
lock jaw
hydrophobia
c tetani and rabies
what are the 3 treatment goals for C tetani
remove the toxin
remove source of infection
supportive care + antibiotics
gram positive rod
C botulinum
botulism toxin
heat labile toxin, inhibits the release of acetylcholine, 7 toxins town, casues flaccid paralysis
which infection causes spastic paralysis
c tetani
what infection causes flaccid parlysis
C botulinum
honey with infants
C botulinum
what are the to clostriudm species with AB bacterial toxin
C botulinum and C tetani
floppy baby syndrome
infant botulinum
intoxification in kids and infection in adults
C botulinum
produces lipase , digest milk proteins, ferments glucose
C botulinum
constipation
c botulinum
why can’t you treat infant bostulism wit antibiotics
it is a performed toxin
slender gram positive sporulating anaerobe
C difficile
toxins produced by C difficile
enterotoxin (toxin A)
mucoid green diarrhea
C diff
pseudomembranous colitis
C diff
mucosa covered with white, gray or yellow patches , contains fibrin, mucus and WBC’s
pseudomembranous colitis, C dif
peptostreptococcu is
anaerobic gram positive cocci
cause bacterial vaginosis
mobiluncus
normal flora of vaginal tract
lactobacillus
causes acne
propionibacterium acnes
anaerobic gram negative bacteria cause
50% of chronic sinusitis and ear infections and almost all peridontal infections
gram positive cocci anaerobie
peptostreptococci
gram negative cocci
veilonella
gram positive rods anaerobic
actinomyces, clostridia
gram negative rods anaerobic
bacteroides
treponemes causes
symphilis
borrelia causes
lyme disease
spiral shaped, do NOT have LPS, gram neg
spirochetes
what technique is used to see spirochetes
dark field microscopy
what are the two major pathogenic species of treponemes
treponema pallidum, treponema carateum
treponema carateum causes
pinta
___________causes acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
T vincentii
T pectinovorum causes
peridontal disease
T pallidum pertenue causes
yaws
T pallidum endemicum causes
endemic syphillis
extremely slender spiral organism
trepnonema pallidum
tissue destruction and lesions of syphilis due to what
host immune response
primary phase of syphillis is associated with
painless chancre
who’s at risk for zoonoses
occupational hazard, farmers, vets, outdoor expsoure
gram stain of pasteurella multocida
gram negative coccobacillus
is pasteurella multicida oxidase positive or negative
oxidase positive
where is pasteurella multocida found
comensall in URT of livestock, poultry, domestic cats/dogs
how do you get pasteurella multocida
infection from animal bite or strath (most of the time cats)
symptoms of pasteruella multocida
usually follows animal bite, rapidly progressive cellulitis, , lymphadenitis, can progress to abscesses, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis
bipolar staining, growth of blood and chocolate agar
P multocida
cause of cat scratch disease
bartonella henselae
get after a cat scratch
bartonella henselae
safety pin staining
pasteurella multocida
warthin starry silver stain
bartonella henselae
bacillary angiomatosis
resemvles kaposi sarcoma (AIDS defining illness)
you can get this from B henselae
bacillary angiomatosis
lichenoid violaceous plaque
b henselae
splenoectomized, alcohols and IC are at risk for this fastidious gram negative rod
capnocytophaga canimorsus
diagnosis of capnocytophago canimorsus
hisotyr of dog bite
what zoonoses can cause gangrene
capnocytophaga canimorsus
causes rat bite fever
streptobacillus moniliformis
long thin gram negative rod
streptobacillus moniliformis
can cause haverhill fever
s moniliformis
gram positive microaerophilic aerophilic rods or filaments
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
easily decolorized on gram strain
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
associated with Pigs
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
erysipeloid
E rhusiopathiae
erysipeloid is what
inflammatory skin lesion, lesion is painful and pruriti, burning, throbbing, appears violaceous with raised rash. appears PURPLE!
what zoonoses associated with producing hydrogen sulfide
E rhusiopathiae
two that are alpha hemolytic
E rhusiopathiae and Strep pneumoniae
triple sugar iron agar
E rhusiopathiae
brucella species are what gram stan
aerobic gram negative coccobaciili
B canis is from
brucella species
B suis
from pigs
B meletensis
most pathogenic and is from goats and sheep
B abortus
cows
enzymes produced by brucella
catalase, oxidase, urease
patient presents with profuse sweating
brucella
francisella tularensis causes
rabbit fever
gram stain of F tularensis
aerobic gram negative rod, facultative intracellular
ulcerograndular tularemia
entry to skin
pulmonic tularemia
inhalation
(10-50 bacilli)
oropharyngeal tularemia
ingestion 100 million required
causes atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma, legionella, francisella tularensis
grows on buffered charcoal yeast agar
francisella and legionella
francisella tularemia abs cross react with
salmonella
brucella
yersinia
legionella
causes plaque
yersinia pestis
sylvatic plaque
yersinia pestis
urban plaque
yersinia pestis
endemic to south wast
yersinia pestis
fraction F gene
antiphagocytic protein capsule of yersinia pestis
plasminogen activator protease gene
yersinia pestis
prarie dogs
yersinia pestis
function of YopJ and P
initiates apoptosis in macrophages and supresses cytokine production
bubonic plaque transmitted by
fleas
Yog genes type of virulence factor
type III secretion system
virulence factors associated with Y pestis
fraction F1 gene
plasminogen activator protease gene
YOP genes: type III secretion
buboes form
Y pestis
symptoms of bubonic plaque
bacteria multiply in LN buboes formed
septicemic plaque (black death)
subcutaneous hemorrhages, DIC, vascular collapse
Pneumonic plaque
hemorrhagic pneumonia, easily transmitted between people, >90% mortality
fleas
bubonic plaque
bipolar staining
yersinia pestis
causes spongiform encephalopathies
unconventional slow viruses
why are the prions do not conform to definition of a virus
have no virion structure or genome
do NOT elicit immune response
extremely resistant to inactivation
what is more stable alpha helix or beta spleated sheat ?
beta pleated sheat
what are the four prion diseases
kuru
creatuzfeldt jakob disease
gerstmann-straussler scheinker syndrome
fatal familial insomia
mechanism of kuru
cannibalism
sproadic CJD
spontaneous PrPC to PrP sc conversion or somatic mutation
iatrogenic CJD
infection from prion containing material
familila CJD
mutations in the PrP gene
VCJD
infection from BSE
what are the four convensional slow viral diseases
measles, papvavirus, rubella, and AIDS (cause encephalitis but are not prions)
resistant to proteases
prions
prion protein is called
scrapie like prion protein
what is the difference between PrPSc and PrPC
differs in tertiary structure due to folding
what causes the spongiform apperance in prion disease
accumulation of PrPsc
amyyloid plaques
prion disease
human growth hormone, dura mater graft
creutzfeldt jakob disease
rare subset of inhered form of CJD and has an earlier onsept similar to CJD
gerstmann straussler scheinker syndrome
results from genetic mutation, different symptoms than CJD resulitng from 2 mutations
fetal familial insomnia
2 hit hypothesis of CJD and FFI
must have a aspartic acid to asparagine at 1788 and then a second mutation at 129 (valine then familial and methionine then FFI
difference between CJD and vCJD
earlyer age of onset
time between disease and death is 6-24 motns (longer)
extenstive plaque formation that contain high concentrations of PrPsc
3 phases of T pallidum
primar phase- painless chancre at site of infection
secondary phase- disseminated disease
late tertiary phase- destruction of specific tissue
copper colored rash ALL over the body
secondary T pallidum
patchy alopecia
secondary syphillis
condylmoata lata
associated with ayphilis, soft fleshy papules
condylomata acuminata
HPV
nickel and dime rash on palms
seocndary T pallidum
flat shiny areas on tongue
secondary T pallidum
tabes dorsalis demylination
neurosyphillis
gummas
destructive granulamtous lesion tertiary syphillis
mucopurulent rhinitis
T palidum (congenital syphillis)
hutchinson teeth
congenital syphillis
rasberry molears
congenital syphillis
saber shins
congenital syphillis
saddle nose
congenital syphillis
VDRL
venereal disease research laboratory
what are nontreponemal tests
measure IgG and IgM, not specific, Ag test is cardiolipid from beef heart
found in africa, asia, and australia and causes oral lesions followed by gummas ; contaminated utensils
bejel
present in S america, africa, and asia and causes granulmatous disease
Yaws (trep pertenue
Pinta is caused by
T carateum
where is T carateum found
present in central and south america
hypopigmented lesions that results in scarring and disfigurement, found in central and south america
pinta T carateum
what is the causative agent of lyme disease
borrelia burgdorferi
what does borrelia recurrentis cause
relapsing fever
significant of borrelila molecular structure
outer envelope surrounding periplasmic flagella
how is lyme disease transmitted
black legged tick
what are the reservoirs of lyme disease
rodents and deers
most common vector borne disease in the united states
lyme disease
bull eyes rash
lyme diseasee
generally what are the three stages lf lyme disease
localized, disseminated and persistent
stage 1 of limes
bulls eye rash
stage 2 of lymes
intermittent arthirits, severe malise, and fatigue
stage 3 of lymes
prolonged arthritis, chronic encephalitis, myelitis,
to be clinically diagnosed with lyme
erythema migrams or at least 1 late manifestation and positive isolation, diagnostic levels of IgM or IgG and a significant increase between acute and convalenscent Ab titers
what type of tick causes borrelia recurrentis
louse borne relapsing fever (pediculus humanus)
TBRF endemic to US most prevalently caused by
B hermsi
rustic cabins
B hermsi
for relapsing fever when are the spirochets isolateable
during the febrile period
leptospirosis
caused by leptospira interrogans
tightly coild body with hooked ends
leptospirosis
what is the reservoir host for leptospira interrogans
rodents
associated with weil disease
leptospirosis (renal failure hepatic symptoms with jaundice)
what family of bacteria does not contain Peptidoglycan
chlamydiciase
general characteristics of chlamydiciae
obligate intracellular parasite
no PPG
can’t synthesize ATP or reoxidize reduced NADP
contain ribosomes and can synthesize proteins
elementary body
smal. hardy, and is the infectious form of the organisms of chalmydiciae
reticulate body
large, fragile and intracellular form of organism
which stage of life cycle does it chlamydiciae replicate
reticulate body
inclusion bodies
chlamydia
what causes parrot fever
chlaymydophila psittaci
what is the cause of walking pneumoniase
chlamydophila pneumoniae
parrots parakeets,
C. psittaci
characteritics of parrot fever
acute infection of the lower respiratory tract presenting with acute onset of fever, chills, headhace, bilaterla interstital pneumonia, enlarged spleen and liver
what age group is associated with walking pneumoniae
adults
what has been linked to atheroscloerosis
walking pneumonia
why does C pnuemoniae cause dry cough
damages the cillia
what is the major diagnostic test used for for C pneuoniae
microimmunoflourescne
what are the two biovars of C trachomatis
trachoma and LGV
inclusoin conjunctivitis and nongonnococcal urethritis
D-K
lymphogranuloma venerum
LGV
Trachoma
ABBaC
where does the LGV biovar replciate
in macrophages
clinical manifestions of C trachamatis results from
destruction of host cells and inflammatory response
trachoma causes
chronic keratoconjunctivitis
inclusion conjunctivitis
caused by serotypes D-kK,
what serotypes cause trachoma
A,B,Ba and C
most common STD in us
NGU
lymphogranuloma venereum casued by what serotypes
L1-3
how os LGV acquired
abrasions
what species lack a cell wall
mycoplasma and ureaplasma
how does M pneumoniae grow
strict aerobe
fried egg appearce
mycoplasma
mulberry appearance
M pneumoniae
what is the major virulence factor of M pneumoniae
P1 adhesion
function of P1 Adhesion
interacts to glycoprotein receptor at base of cilia, causes ciliostasis, loss of ciliated epitheila cells interferes with airway clearance
presence of nonpurulent otitis media and lower respiraotyr tract ilness in a teenageer should indicate infection by
M pneumoniae
presence of mononuclear cells
M pneumoniae
dry hacking cough fever and presnce of gold agglutinins
mycoplasma!
mycoplasma that are common inhibatants of genitourinary tract
M hominis
M genitalium
what are the two causes of NGU
mycoplasma genitalium and chalymdia
associated with post abortal or pospartum fever
M hominis
asscoiated with PID
M hominis
metabolizes arginine
mycoplasma
small circular colonies that frow downward into agar
ureaplasma urealyticum
what are the bacteria in the rickettciase family
rickettsia, ehrlichia, anaplasma, and coxiella
gram stain of rickettciae
gram neg aerobic coccobacilli, obigate intracellular bacteria
rickettsiae are transmitted by
arthropod vectors excpt coxiella
what causes rocky mountain spotted fever
R rickettsii
what causes epidemic tyhpus
R prowazekii
what causes ehrlichiosos
E chaffeesis and E ewingi
what causes anaplasmosis
A phagocytophilum
function of phospholipase A in Rickettsia life cycle
degrades the phagosome
how is rock mountaed spotted fever tramsitted
rocky mountain wood tick or dog tick
what are the secondar reservoir to R rickettsii
willd rodents
rash that begins on hands and feet and spreads inward to trunk
rocky mountain spotted fever
early macular rash to late petechial rash
RMSF
severe complications of RMSF occur most frequently in infections
without rash
giemsa gimenez
RMSF
agglutination of pts serum with proteus vulgaris Ag
RMSF
IFA specific sensitivity
RMS
Weil Felix serology
RMSF R prozekki
rickettsialpox caused by
rickettsia akari
northeast US cities
rickettsia akari
ricketssia akari vector is
mouse mite
profuse sweating/ flu like illness photophobia, generalized papulovesicular rash
ricketsialpox
how is epidemic typhus transmitted
human body louse
reservoirs for Epidemic typhs
flying squirrels and their fleas
maculopapular rash on trunk and spreads to extremities
epidemic typhus
asscoiated with BrillZinsser disease
epidemic typhus
causes peidemic typhus
R prowazekki
endemic murine typhus caused by
r typhi
r typhi tramsitted by
rat flea
what causes scrub typhus
orientia tsutsugamushi
how is orienta tsugamushi tramsitted
chiggers (mite larvae)
_________is an obligate intracytoplasmic bacteria
ehrlichia species
ehrlichiosis infects
monocytes and granulocytes
human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by
E chaffeesis
human granulocytic ehrlichosis caused by
e ewinggi
human granulocytic anaplasmosos caused by
anaplasma phagocytophilm
what bacteira in the richestiaea family associated with lyme infection
anaplasma phagocytophilum
what is a morula
inclusion body contianing organisms
morula associated with
anaplasia erlychia
wright stained blood smears
ehrlichiosis
Q fever is caused by
coxiella burnetti
gram stain of coxiella burnetti
small gram neg
where does coxiella burnetti live
acidic lysosomes
acute Q fever
ab against phase II antigen only
chronic q fever
high ab titers against phase 1 and II antigens
subacute endocarditis with negative cultures
chronic Q fever
toxic metabolites of fungi cause
mycotoxicoses
fungal diseases are called
mycoses
how are fungal diseases classified
by site on body where they occur
live on dead or decaying matter
saprobes
mutual advantage with host
symbioints
fungi benefit host does not benefit but is not harmed
commensal
fungi benefit host is harmed
parasite
fungi are classified as
eukaryotes
the cell wall of fungi are composed of
chitin (polymer of NAG)
cell membrane of fungi contains
ergosterol
yeast are
unicellualr which reproduc by budding or fission
mold
multicellular filaments consist of hypahe
______is always a yeast
cryptococcus neoformans
_______is always a mold
aspergillus species
type of colonies on agar for yeast
round mucoid colonies
2 shape characterisitss of yeast
pseudo hypae
round mcoid colonies
2 shape characteristicss of mold
septate/ aseptate, hypae
filamentos hairy colonies on agar
mold
grown on or beneath the agar surface
vegetative hypae
project above the agar surface
aerial hyphae
whats the phrase for fungal dimorphism
yeast in the beast, mold in the cold
sabouraud dextrose agar
fungi
tinea versicolor caused by
malazzezia furfur (lipophilic yeasrt)
oval scaly macules, papules
pityriasis tinea versicolor
tinea capitis
head scalp
tinea barbae
beard
tinea corporis
mooth skin (hairless trunk)
tinea cruris
groin
tinea pedis
foot
tinea unguium
nails
floureces under UV light (wood lamp)
tinea captis
protozoa are
single celled
metazoa
are multicellular
how do protozoa reproduce
binary fission
flagellate protozoa
trichomonas aginalis, giardia lambila
amoeba
enatamoeba
plasmodia
causes malaria
helmiths
metaxoa worms
nematodes
intestinal roundworms
causes pin worm
enterobius vermicularis
causes whip worm
trichuris trichiura
flat leaf shaped worms
flukes
claims or snails
flukes
operculated egs
flukes
lung fluke
paragonimus westermani
cestodes
tapeworms
scolex
cestodes
pork tapework
taenia solium
taenia saginata
beef tapeworm
diphyllobothrium latum
fish tapeworkm
