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Immunology/Microbiology > Gram positive cocci > Flashcards

Gram positive cocci Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three generally characteristics of gram positive cocci

A

have a spherical shape, no endospores, and are aerobic

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2
Q

what are the catalase negative cocci

A

streptococcus, enterococcus

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3
Q

what are the cataplase positive cocci

A 
staphylococcus
micrococcus
kocuria
kytococcus
alloiococcus
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4
Q

staphylcocci as opposed to streptococci usually cause what type of infections

A

pyogenic (only

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5
Q

staphylcocci is _______for catalse

A

positive

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6
Q

streptococci is ________for catalse

A

negative

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7
Q

streptcocci appear as

A

chains or pairs

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8
Q

staphylococci appear s

A

grape like clusters

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9
Q

type of infections staphylococci cause

A

pyogenic and pyrogenic both!

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10
Q

what is the significance of how staphylococci grow

A

they are halophiles

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11
Q

are staphylococci motile

A

NO

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12
Q

oxygen requirement of staphylococci

A

facultative anaerobic

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13
Q

common diseases associated with s. aureus

A

toxin mediated such as food poisoning, scaled skin syndrome, TSS, cutaneous diseases (impetigo), and systemic diseases

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14
Q

___________is associated with bacteremia, endocarditis, UTIS and is opportunistic

A

s epidermidis

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15
Q

_____________-is associated with UTI’s and is opportunisitc (usaully not older people UTI’s)

A

s. saprophyticus

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16
Q

S lugdunesis can cause what main clinical concern

A

endocarditis

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17
Q

S. haemolyticus can cause

A

bacteremia, bone/joint infections, endocarditis, UTI’s, wound infections, and opportunistic infections

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18
Q

where is staph found

A

oropharynx, GI tract and urogenital tract

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19
Q

what staph is carried on all persons but only 15-20% is carried on some individuals

A

s. epidermidis on all

s aureus on some

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20
Q

how is staph transmitted

A

direct contact or fomites

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21
Q

what are the three virulence factors associated with staph

A

capsule-inhibits phagocytosis
peptidoglycan-makes cell wall rigid, endotoxin like activity
teichoic acids-bind fibronectin, poor immunogens

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22
Q

____is known as the most important staph species

A

staph aureus

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23
Q

gram, catalase and coagulase of staph aureus

A

postive, positive, positive (triple p)

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24
Q

types of agar you culture staph aureus in

A

manitol salt agars, beta hemolytic on BA gives gold colored colonies

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25
Q

where is staph aureus found

A

anterior nares

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26
Q

specific virulence factors associated with staph aureus

A

adhesins

protein A, toxins and enzymes

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27
Q

what staph is associated with impetigo

A

staph aureus

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28
Q

function of protein A

A

finds Fc receptor on IgG antibodies and prevents antibody mediated clearance, forms immune complexes, binds compkement and used for specific identification of staph aureus

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29
Q

what are the 5 cytolytic toxins associated with staph aureus

A

alpha, beta, delta, gamma and panton valentine leukocidin

30
Q

what are the 2 exfoliative toixins of staph aureus

A

A and B

31
Q

what are the 8 enterotoxins associated with staph aureus

A

A to E, G to I

32
Q

toxin in staph aureus associated with TSS

A

exfoliative toin A, enterotxins, TSST-1 are super antigens

33
Q

all hemolysins lyse

A

neutrophils

34
Q

what are the cytolytic toxins of staph aureus that can affect RBC’s

A

alpha and gamma

35
Q

is the PV leukocidin of s. aureus associated with lysing RBC’s

A

no

36
Q

PVL is linked with

A

severe pulmonary and cutaneous infections

37
Q

alpha toxin of s. aureus

A

produced by most strains

toxic to RBC WBC, hepatocytes, and platelets, pore forming toxins, mediates tissue damage

38
Q

beta toxin of s. aureus

A

heat labile, produced by most strains, toxic to RBC,s WBCs, fibroblasts, catalyzes hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin, synergizes with alpha toxin

39
Q

what toxin acts like a surfactant or detergent like action

A

delta toxin

40
Q

what toxin lyses macrophages

A

gamma toxin

41
Q

what toxin functions in pore formation

A

panton valentine leukocidin

42
Q

what toxin is associated with s. aureus MRSA

A

PVL

43
Q

_____is heat stable

A

ETA

44
Q

________is heat labile

A

ETB

45
Q

________split intrercellular bridges in stratum granulosum epidermidis

A

serine proteases

46
Q

if there are no bacteria and WBCs in the affected area this means that

A

ETA or ETB strain of staph aureus

47
Q

what are two diseases characterizied by strains of staph aureus having ETA or ETB toxins

A

scalded skin syndrome and bullous impetigo

48
Q

staph aureus enterotoxin B causes

A

staphylococcail psudomembranous entercolitis

49
Q

entertoxin C and D of s. aureus found in

A

contaminated milk products

50
Q

what toxins are responsible for causing food poisoning

A

s. aureus enterotoxins

51
Q

what cells are responsible for emesis of food poisoning

A

mast cells

52
Q

in addition to coagulase and catalse, what other enzyme does staph aureus have

A

penicillinase beta lactamase

53
Q

impetgo is caused by what two staph

A

staph pyogenes and staph aureus

54
Q

what type of hemolysis does s. aureus have

A

beta

55
Q

s aureus turns what in manitol salt sgar

A

yellow

56
Q

s epidermidis turns what in manitol salt agar

A

read

57
Q

present of antibodies to teichoic acids means you might have a

A

s. aureus infection

58
Q

differentiating factor in terms of gram, catalse and coagulase for staph aureus and staph epidermidis/saprophyticus

A

staph saprophyticius and staph epidermidis are coagulase negative

59
Q

______-are novobiocin sensitive

A

staphylociccus epidermidis

60
Q

________have the ability to adhere to plastic

A

s. epidermidis

61
Q

___________are novobiocin resistant

A

staph. saprophyticus

62
Q

if your catalse test is negative what type of gram positive cocci do you have

A

streptococcus species

63
Q

if your coagulase test is positive, catalase test is positive

A

staph aureus

64
Q

if your coagulase test is neg. catalse test is positive

A

either staph saprophyticus or staph epidermidis

65
Q

_______________known to cause chronic middle ear infections in children

A

alloiococcus otitidis

66
Q

if catalase test is negative on a gram positive cocci then it is

A

streptoccocus species

67
Q

if beta hemolytic catalse neg, not sensitive to bacitracin

A

streptococcus pyogenes

68
Q

if alpha hemolytici, catalse neg, not sensitive to optochin

A

streptocuccs pneumoniae

69
Q

all _______are catalse negative

A

streptococci

70
Q

type of oxygen requirement for streptococcus

A

facultative anaerobes some are capnophilic needing carbon dioxide

71
Q

ways streptococcus are classified are

A

serology, hemolytic patterns, and biochemical properties

Immunology/Microbiology (10 decks)

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