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Immunology/Microbiology > bacterial genetics > Flashcards

bacterial genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

bacteria multiply by

A

binary fission

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2
Q

what are the three mechanisms bacteria acquire new DNA

A

transformation, transduction, and conjugation

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3
Q

____________is when DNA acquired from environment

A

transformation

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4
Q

____________is when DNA is acquired from bacteriphage (virus)

A

transduction

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5
Q

___________-is when DNA acquired from bacterial sex

A

conjugation

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6
Q

how many chromosomes are in the bacterial genome

A

1 chromosome

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7
Q

________are small DNA ciircles that replicate independently of the chromosome that have 1 copy or many copies per cell

A

plasmid

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8
Q

___________is the uptake of naked DNA from environment by competent cells

A

transformation

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9
Q

________-is a minor form of recombination in nature but a major form in biotechnology

A

transformation

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10
Q

in ____________usually linear DNA is released from dying cells

A

transformation

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11
Q

HR requires

A

several genes worth of homology or near homoloygy and recombination enzymes/factors coded by recA, B,C, D (A is absolute requirement)

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12
Q

______is the transfer of bacterial DNA by a bacteriophage

A

transduction

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13
Q

________is a virus that attacks bacterial cells

A

bacteriophage

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14
Q

two types of transduction

A

generalized and specialized

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15
Q

generalized transduction

A

phage picks up a piece of bacterial DNA-all genes have equal change of being transduced

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16
Q

specialized transdunction

A

dependent on integration of phage DNA into a bacterial chromosome at specific site, and an excision error allows bacterial DNA to be excised and packaged with phage DNA

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17
Q

the lytic cycle…

A

LYSES bacteria

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18
Q

the lysogenic cycle….

A

integrates into the bacterial genome

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19
Q

____________type of phage causes death of bacterial cell by lysis (lytic)

A

virulent

20
Q

_______type of phage causes death of bacteiral cell by lysis or integration into host chromosome forming a pro-phage (lysosogeny)

A

temperate

21
Q

lysogeny

A

expression of phage genes is repressed, no new phage are made, host cell survives, and phage DNA replicates as part of the host

22
Q

_________leads to the production of viruses and their release upon cell lysis

A

lytic infection

23
Q

________-type of viruses can only go into lytic cycle and can only carry out generalized transduction

A

virulent viruses

24
Q

_____type of bacteria are those with a prophage

A

lysogenic

25
Q

integration of the prophage is _________but can be ____________- by UV light and chemicals

A

stable, destablized

26
Q

acquisition of bacterial properties due to prophage is called

A

lysogenic conversion

27
Q

what types of bacteria are capable of lysogenic conversion

A

diptheria,, s pyogenes, and C botulinum

28
Q

bacterial genes picked up as error in excision are transferred to homologous gene in another bacteria

A

specialized transduction

29
Q

what type of genes may be transferred in generalized trandcution

A

any

30
Q

what type of genes can be transferred in specialized transduction

A

only genes next to insertional site

31
Q

what is the mechanisms for generalized transduction

A

error in assembly

32
Q

what is the mechanism for specialized transduction

A

error of excision, requires stable insertion of the prophage

33
Q

______is the transfer of genes from 1 cell to another cell by cell contact

A

conjugation (requires male and female bacterial cells (sex pilus)

34
Q

______________are genes that promote their own transfer

A

conjugative plasmids

35
Q

fertility plasmids contain

A 
sex pill
genes that stabilize mating bacteria
genes which direct conjugal DNA transfer and other genes
oriT
insertion sequences
36
Q

chromosomal mobilization

A

strains of bacteira with F plasmid integrated are Hfr (high frequency of recombination)

37
Q

is cell to cell contact a requirement for transformation

A

no

38
Q

is cell to cell contact a requirement for conjugation

A

yes

39
Q

is cell to cell contact a requirement for tranduction

A

no

40
Q

phage infection is involved in

A

transduction

41
Q

competency is required for

A

transformation

42
Q

naked DNA involved

A

transformation

43
Q

is HR required

A

transformation, transduction and not for F+/F- or yes for Hfr and F-

44
Q

mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

A

intrisnic, chromosomal mediated, and plasmid

45
Q

____________cell lacking cell wall resistant to penicillin

A

intrisnic antiobiotic resistance

46
Q

_________usually via modification of receptor for drug

A

chromsomal mechamsism of antibiotic resistance

Immunology/Microbiology (10 decks)

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