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Anatomy and Physiology > Microbiology Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Microbiology Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Microbiology

A

The study of microorganisms

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2
Q

Pandemic

A

Means Global disease outbreak

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3
Q

Influenza Shot

A

You need a different shot each year because the flu is always changing

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4
Q

Resistance and why can occur?

A

When an antibiotic does not work. It occurs because of overuse, duration and right time

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5
Q

Pathogen

A

bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

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6
Q

Streptococci

A

Cocci that form chains as they divide

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7
Q

Staphylococci

A

Cocci that form irregular groups or clusters

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8
Q

Bacterial Diseases

A

Some examples of bacterial diseases are TB, Tetanus, syphilis, phenomena and Strept Throat

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9
Q

MRSA -Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A

A bacteria that is resistant to some antibiotics it has evolved due to the excessive use of penicillin antibiotics over the years.

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10
Q

Normal Flora

A

Harmless bacteria. These bacterial are beneficial and protect the human host by preventing harmful bacteria from entering

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11
Q

Gram Positive

A

The bacteria that are stained by the dye( appear dark purple under the microscope)

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12
Q

Gram Negative

A

The bacteria not consistently stained eg:Mycobacterium

Tuberculosis

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13
Q

Name of organism that grows in presences of oxygen?

A

Aerodes

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14
Q

Name of organism that doesn’t grow in presence of oxygen?

A

Anaerobes

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15
Q

Name of organism that can grow in the presence or the absence of oxygen?

A

Facultative Anaerobes

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16
Q

Are all bacteria harmful to the body?

A

No, our body has lots of bacteria at all times. The skin, respiratory tract have a variety of harmless bacteria. (also called normal flora)

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17
Q

Five types of hepatitis

A

Hep A, Hep B, Hep C, Hep D, Hep E.

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18
Q

Three Shapes of bacteria

A

Cocci- Round
Bacillus - Rod
Spirillia- spiral

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19
Q

Five types of Microorganisms?

A

Bacteria, Virus, Algae, Fungi and Protozoa

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20
Q

Five types of Herpes?

A

Herpes Simplex 1-Oral and 2- Genital, Zoster, Ebstein Barr and CMU

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21
Q

Why do infections occur?

A

Infections occur when bacteria occurring naturally in one part of the body invade another part of the body and becomes harmful.

22
Q

What type of patient may be at risk of carrying Ebola?

A

A patient that has just visited West Africa. They should wait at least 21 days before going to a dentist appointment to see if the have contracted the disease.

23
Q

How is herpes simplex 1 transmitted?

A

Direct contact with lesions. Even when the lesion aren’t active there is still the possibility of transmission through saliva or aerosol spray from dental headpiece.

24
Q

What is a capsule and why do some bacteria have them?

A

Capsule increases the bacteria’s ability to resist the defense mechanisms of the body and Some types of bacteria form a capsule or protective layer that cover the cell wall.

25
Spores and their purpose?
Bacteria changes into a highly resistant form and represent the most resistant form of life known.
26
Rickettsiae
Short non movable rods that normally live in the intestinal tract of insects such as Ticks, fleas, mosquitoes and lice.
27
Algae
Range from microscopic single-cell organisms to larger multiple-cell organisms such as seaweed and kelp. Most algae doesn't produce human disease .
28
Protonza
A large group of single-cell organisms. Small number of Protozoa are responsible for intestinal infections in human beings; other invade the blood, lungs, liver and brain.
29
Fungi
Fungi are plants such as mushrooms, yeasts and the moulds that lack chlorophyll
30
What is Oral candidiasis?
Cases by the yeast Candida albicans. All forms are considered opportunistic infections found in patients who are very young very old and very ill. Lesions May look like thin cottage cheese
31
Can viruses live very long outside of hosts cells?
No, viruses can only live and multiply inside an appropriate host cell
32
What’s does virus specifically mean?
Viruses can exhibit specificity ( preference) for particular cell types in which to replicate
33
Virus latency
Some viruses establish a latent (dormant) state in host cells.
34
Name 5 ways viruses can be transmitted?
Direct contact, insects, blood transfusions, contaminated food and water and inhalation if droplets expelled by coughing or sneezing. In
35
Will an antibacterial agent kill a virus?
Antibacterial agents cont kill viruses they have different mechanisms and machinery to survive and replicate.
36
What disease develops when infected with HIV?
AIDS
37
Why do painters die form HIV infection?
HIV kills patients by infecting special T cells and slowly kills them.
38
How is HIV spread?
It is spread by sexual contact or needles shared among drug users.
39
What are prions?
Small proteinaceous infections particles composed entirely of proteins that lack nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
40
An example of prion disease?
“Mad cow” disease | Alzheimer’s disease
41
Who is the Father of microbiology?
Pasteur
42
What did Pasteur do?
Disapproved spontaneous generation, developed pasteurization and developed the first rabies vaccine
43
Koch
Designed Petri dishes
44
Lister
discovered airborne germs
45
Leeuwenhoek
Invented the first microscopes
46
Aristotle
Believed in spontaneous generation
47
Where is MRSA found and how can it be prevented?
Found on the surface of the skin and can go into wounds. Keep good hand hygiene and make sure all wounds are healed properly
48
What types of hepatitis have vaccines?
Hep A and B have vaccines.
49
What types of hepatitis are blood borne?
Hep B,C,D
50
What types of hepatitis are fecal oral transmitted?
Hep A and E
51
Why do patients die form HIV infections?
HIV kills patients by infecting special T cells and slowly kills them
52
How is HIV spread?
Needle sharing and sexual transmission

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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