Disease Transmission Chapter 19 Flashcards
6 Links of infection chain
- infection agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
Name some reservoirs
Humans, animals, food ,water,bio burden, contaminated surfaces.
Infection Agent
A pathogen must be present. Organism must also be virulent. (Virulence the strength of an organisms ability to cause disease)
Portals of entry
Mouth and nose (airborne)
Needle stick, cut and human bite (blood borne)
4 things that make a host susceptible?
- poor health
- chronically fatigued
- under extreme stress
- weaked immune system
Acute Infection
Symptoms are often quite severe and appear soon after the initial infection occurs EX Cold
Chronic infection
The microorganism is present for a long period: sometimes for life.
Latent Infection
Persistent infections that’s symptoms can come and go
EX; Cold sores
Opportunistic Infection
Caused by normally non pathogenic organisms:
occurs in individuals whose resistance is decreased or weakened
Direct transmission
Occurs when someone comes in direct contact with the infectious lesion infected body fluids EX; Blood, saliva, semen, Vaginal substances
Indirect transmission
Involves the transfer of organisms to susceptible person through for example the handling of contaminated instruments or touching contaminated surfaces and then touching face mouth and eyes.
Airborne transmission
Spread of disease through droplets of moisture containing bacteria or viruses aka:droplet infection
Parenteral transmission
Needlestick injuries human bites cuts abrasions or any breaking in the skin
Blood-borne transmission
Involves indirect and direct contact with blood and other bodily fluid
Food and water transmission
Occurs when food hasn’t been cooked refrigerated Properly or water that has been contaminated with human or animal faecal matter is consumed
Fecal oral transmission
When sanitation procedures such as hand washing after using the toilet are not followed and then the person now infected with one of the many pathogens in fecal matter touches another person, surface or food
Difference between inherited and acquired immunity?
Inherited Immunity is present at birth where as acquired Immunity is developed over a persons life time.
What is the difference between naturally acquired an artificial acquired immunity
Naturally acquired immunity occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering from a disease where as artificially acquired immunity antibodies are introduced in the body by immunization or vaccination
How can a patient infect a member of the dental team?
-direct contact of the patient’s blood or saliva (touching)
-Droplet infection through eyes nose and mouth can occur when team member inhales aerosol generated by the dental hand-piece or your air-water syringe
– indirect contact touches a contaminated surface or instrument
Five ways to prevent disease transmission from patient to dental team member
– Gloves – Handwashing – Masks – Rubber dams – Patient mouth rinses
How how could the dental team member infect patient?
Very unlikely to happen but can result if dental team member has lesions on the hands or hands are cut while in patients mouth this would transfer microorganisms
Four ways to prevent dental team to patient infections
– Masks
– Gloves
– Handwashing
– Immunization
How could patient to patient transmission occur?
No cases have been documented in dentistry. For transmission to be possible contamination from instruments used on one patient must be used on another patient.
Five ways to prevent patient to patient transmission
– instrument sterilization – Surface barriers – Handwashing – Gloves – use of sterile instruments
