Microbiology and immunology Flashcards
PC: A 50-year-old woman presented for evaluation of an itchy rash on the skin. Two days prior to presentation, the patient spent several hours in a hot tub that multiple family members also used on the same day. It appears the patient used the hot tub for a longer and more continuous time than her family members. No other family member developed a rash. The patient has an allergy to iodine and uses fexofenadine for seasonal allergies. She uses ibuprofen for occasional pain relief.
Physical examination revealed pruritic papules and pustules on the chest, back, and buttock.
What is the causative organsism?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (hot tub folliculitis)
Name 2 conditions caused by the organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Hottub folliculitis and otitis externa
PC: progressive ear pain with a purulent discharge, alongside itchiness or ear fullness. diagnosis is made of otitis externa, what are the 2 most likely causative organisms
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
PC: high fevers, an erythematous sore throat, strawberry-like tongue and a sand-paper like rash. rash originates from the groin and spreads bilaterally up the trunk to the axilla, at 7–10 days the rash had spread to the extremities and desquamates.
What is the most likely causative organism?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is the most likely causative organism for Tonsilitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
what organism is part of the normal skin flora that Is associated with endocarditis and infections of indwelling foreign devices?
Staphylococcus epidermis
Amoxicillin is effective against which of the following gram positive bacteria:
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus,
Streptococcus and enterococcus
Amoxicillin is effective against which of the following gram negative bacteria: Enteric GNR (e coli), Haemophilus, Pseudomonas,
Haemophilus
which resistant organism is ceftriaxone effective against?
MSSA or MRSA
MSSA
which gram positive organism is ceftriaxone effective against?
Streptococcus or enterococcus
streptococcus
which gram negative organism is ceftriaxone effective against?
enteric GNR, Pseudomonas or respiriatory G-s
Enteric GNR and respiratory G-s
out of Ceftriazone, Azirthromycin and Amoxicillin, which is the most effective against atypical organisms
Azirthromycin
name three examples of an atypical micro-organism?
Chlamydiaceae, Legionella and the Mycoplasmataceae
is vancomycin or azithromycin a better antimicrobial choice for treating a gram positive infection
Vancomycin
17 year old with a new clamydia infection with an allergy to tetracycline antibiotics should be given what antibiotic?
azithromycin
Name 2 antibiotics that are not safe to prescribe to a pregnant women
Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline
what are the three most causative organisms of otitis media?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilis infuenza, Moraxella catarrhalis
what antibiotic should be prescribes to treat an infection of otitis media?
amoxicillin
What is the most likely causative organism of CAP
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Out of the following which is not a cause of Pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Group A Streptococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Moraxella catarrhalis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
At what ages do you receive the 6 in 1 vaccine
8wks, 12wks, 16wks
What are the 6 vaccinations found in the ‘6 in 1’
diphtheria, tenus, pertusis, polio, Hep B and Hib (Haemophilus influenzae)
name 7 vaccines not suitable for pregnant or immunocompromised
Rotavirus, BCG, MMR, Chicken pox, Influenza, yellow fever, Typhoid
at what age do you receive the HPV vaccine?
12-13 yrs
a 1 year and 2 month year old baby is protected against what organisms ?
All 6 in 1, Rotavirus, Pneumococcal, men B, Men c,
what pneumonia causative organism is most associated with high fever, rapid onset and herpes labialis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
what pneumonia causative organism is most associated in patients with COPD
Haemophilus influenzae
what pneumonia causative organism is most associated with a patient following influenza infection
Staphylococcus aureus
what pneumonia causative organism is most associated with often present a dry cough and atypical chest signs/x-ray findings, Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and erythema multiforme may be seen
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
what pneumonia causative organism is most associated with Hyponatraemia and lymphopenia common
Classically seen secondary to infected air conditioning units
Legionella pneumophilia
what pneumonia causative organism is most associated Classically seen in alcoholics
Klebsiella pneumoniae
is Neisseria gonorrhoeae gram positive or gram negative/ rod or cocci?
gram negative cocci
what antibiotics are effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae
ceftriaxone and azithromycin
Chlamydia trachomatis is what gram stain? cocci or rod
gram negative, rod or cocci
treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis
azithromycin (pregnant) or doxycycline (not). other erythromycin and olfoxacin
what is the causative organism for syphilis
Treponema pallidum
what gram stain is Treponema pallidum and how do you identify it?
Gram-negative micro-aerophilic bacterium with three flagella
what is the treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole or tinidazole
is Trichomonas vaginalis gram positive or negative?
Although fungi stain gram-positive, the Gram stain is typically negative in women with positive Candida cultures
what is the treatment for Treponema pallidum?
penicillin
