Endochrinology Flashcards
Primary drug used in treatment of thyrotoxicosis?
Carbidamole
Treatment of thyrotoxic crisis?
IV Fluids, propanolol (5mg) hydrortisone as well as oral iodine solution and carbimazole
Operation to the thyroid gland increases your risk of of what nerve palsy ?
recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
In a patient with Inflammation, hypertrophy, and swelling of: extracellular muscles, retro-orbital connective and adipose tissue of the eye. what would you expect to see in a thyroid function tests.
Graves’ ophthalmology. Raised T3 and T4 but low TSH.
Weight gain, purple stretch marks, Thinning fragile skin, slow cut healing, achne are all seen in what endochronological disease/syndrome
Cushings - Hypercortisolism
Irregular or absent periods, thicker or visible body hair, decreased libido and erectile dysfunction are all seen in what endochronological disease/syndrome
Cushings - Hypercortisolism
tiredness, weightless, depression, aches in joints, nausea and vomiting, syncope, irritability, pubic hair loss or delayed puberty are all seen in what endochronological disease/syndrome
Addison’s syndrome - adrenal failure/
what is the role of aldosterone
Controls levels of water and salt in the bloodstream
What condition usually presents before 40 with symptoms of Anxiety, fine tremor, goitre, Heat sensitivity, Weightloss, sleep disturbance and heart palpitations.
Graves or hyperthyroidism
What effect does Conn’s syndrome have on sodium and potassium balance?
Hypokalaemia, hypernautremia
Is Low t4 and t3 with high TSH is seen in hashimotos or graves?
hashimotos
What action does the drug class biguanides have?
decrease hepatic gluconeogenisis
What 2 classes of diabetes medication Increase pancreatic secretions ?
sulfonyluereas and menglitinides
What action does the drug class AGI’s have?
prevents breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars
What action does the drug class DPP4 inhibitors have?
Increase secretion via the incretin pathway
What action does the drug class SGLT2 inhibitors have?
Increase renal secretion of glucose
dioglitazone and rosiglitazone are examples of what medication
TZDs
What action does the drug class TZD’s have?
improves insulin sensitivity to peripheral tissues
what are the 4 most common causes of Hyperglycaemia ?
Infections 30-40%, New onset diabetes 20-25%, inadequate treatment or compliance with medication 15-20%, MI
Is DKA or HHS more common in type 2 diabetes
HHS
a PC of: Dizzness, confusion, tiredness, difficulty speaking, headache, coma and seizures are common of what condition
Hypoglycaemia
a PC of: palpitations, tremor, anxiety sweating, hunger and parenthesis are common of what condition
hypoglycaemia
what hormone induces apoptosis of T cells and suppression of B cell production
cortisol
What hormone enhances glucagon and adrenalin leading to increased blood glucose and decreased insulin production.
cortisol
PC of: excessive thirst, visual disturbances, weakness and tingling, polyuria and headache. with high BP and hypocalcaemia is common in what condition
Conn’s
name a causes of secondary aldosteronism and why
Excess stimulation of RAAS system. Hypovolaemia and renal artery stenosis. L sided heart failure leading to decreased cardiac output.
name all 11 causes of hypercalcaemia (CHIMPANZEES)
Calcium supplement, Hyperparathyroidism, Iatrogenic (thalozides), Milk-alkali syndrome, Pagets disease, Acromegaly and Addisons, Neoplasia, ZES, Excessive vitamin D and C, Sarcoidosis.
excessive production of what hormone can cause hypercalcaemia and low serum phosphate.
Parathyroid hormone
What 2 effects does parathyroidhormone have one oesteoclasts.
Increase reabsorption of bone and increased differentiation of oesteoblasts to osteoclasts.
what primary endochronological disease can cause kidney stones.
hyperparathyroidism
name 2 causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency and kidney failure
Name a genetic condition that can causes hypoparathyroidism
Digeorge syndrome
a patient with low intelligence, round face, short neck and bones of the hands and feet, blurred vision could have what endochronological disease
pseudohypoparathyroidism
No response to both high and low dose dexamethasone test s what cause of cushings
pituitary adenoma
Cushing causes what Acid-base and electrolyte disturbance
hypokalaemia metabolic acidosis
