Cardiology Flashcards
what structural heart defect is most common between 40-50 yrs old and presents with a loud s1 and an irregularly irregular pulse
Mirtal valve stenosis
what structural heart defect presents with holosystolic blowing murmur at the apex that radiates to the axilla
Mitral regurgitation
Describe the pattern the murmur you would find in aortic stenosis
mid to late, systolic murmur that has a crescendo to decrescendo pattern
where does an aortic stenosis murmur radiate to ?
carotids
what condition presents with a low grade consistent fever, and with possible malaise, anorexia and night sweats.
Endocarditis
what valve is most commonly effected in endocarditis
tricuspid 50%, mitral 20%, aortic 20%,
what 2 bacteria groups most commonly cause endocarditis
strep and staph
what group of drugs is indicated for hypertension in an over 55 year old or African or afrocaribean patient
Calcium channel blockers
If calcium channel blockers are not tolerated in hypertension what drug group should you move to
Thiazide-like diuretics
in resistant HTN what 2 groups of medication should you move to and when?
K+>4.5 = α or β blockers
K+<4.5 = low dose spiralactone
At what point is hypertension considered resistant ?
if it is uncontrolled after combination of CCB, diuretic and ACEinhibitor or ARB.
An ECG with no visible P wave, a rate of 135 and an irregularly irregular rhythm is most likely to be what condition ?
Atrial fibrillation
An ECG with no pave, 150 rate, regular rhythm and a seesaw baseline and sawtooth p wave. is most likely to be what condition ?
atrial flutter
holiday heart syndrome is known as what?
atrial fibrillation
An ECG with Polymophic p waves, 140 bpm and an irregularly irregular rhythm is what condition ?
Polymorphic atrial tachycardia
