Microbiology 9s - Neonatal and childhood infections Flashcards
Infections currently screened for in pregnancy
HIV, Hep B, syphilis
Rubella status screened for but NOT the infection itself
what is the most common cause of congenital deafness in UK?
CMV
what can early acquisition of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy lead to?
miscarriage
long-term sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis
low iQ
microcephaly
deafness
4C’s of toxoplasmosis seen in babies at birth
Chorioretinitis
Intracranial calcifications
MicroCephaly/HydroCephalus
Convulsions
(+hepatosplenomegaly/jaundice)
when in the pregnancy is it worst to get rubella?
worst in first trimester, after 20 weeks the risk is negligible
classic triad seen in congenital rubella syndrome
cataracts, congenital heart disease (PDA; ASD/VSD) + deafness (SNHL)
chlamydia trachomatosis in neonate sx
neonatal conjunctivitis or pneumonia
main causes of early onset neonatal infection
GBS E.coli ListeriA
INVESTIGATIONS if early onset sepsis suspected
FBC, CRP, Blood cultures, Urine dip/MSU, Urine MC&S, LP, CXR
antibiotics for early onset sepsis
Benpen + gent +/- amoxicillin
causes of late onset sepsis in neonate
CoNS, S.aureus, E.coli, Candida, gram -ves e.g. Klebsiella, pseudomonas, GBS
antibiotics used for late onset neonatal sepsis (1st line and community acquired)
1st line = cefotaxime + vancomycin
community acquired: cefotxime + amoxicillin +/- gentamicin
contraindications to LP
Meningococcal disease, raised ICP, bleeding disorder, overlying infection at site, spina bifida
streptococcus pneumonia bacterial staining
gram +ve, alpha haemolytic, optochin sensitive
current vaccine for strep pneumonia
Prevenar 13 (conjugate vaccine)
haemophilus gram stain and pattern
gram -ve coccobaccillus
in what age group does haemophilus tend to cause meningitis?
<5 years
biggdst causes of mortality in neonatal period
prematurity and intra-partum related complications
biggest cause of mortality post-neonatal
pneumonia and congenital anomalies
cold agglutinins - which respiratory infection?
Mycoplasma pneumonia
treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae
Macroldies e.g. azithromycin
children >4, epidemics every 3-4 years
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Classic presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia
Headache, fever, myalgia, dry cough