Chem path 10s - Nutrition

Question 1

Glutathione reductase test is for…?

Answer 1

Vitamin B2 deficiency (riboflavin)

Question 2

What does riboflavin (vitB2 deficiency) present with?

Answer 2

Glossitis and corneal ulceration

Question 3

RBC transketolase test is for…?

Answer 3

Vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine)

Question 4

What does vit B1 deficiency present with?

Answer 4

Beri-beri, neuropathy, Wernicke’s syndrome

Question 5

RBC folate test is for…?

Answer 5

Folate deficiency

Question 6

What vitamin deficiency causes pellagra?

Answer 6

Niacin (B3)

Question 7

What are the common symptoms of pellagra?

Answer 7

Diarrhoea, dementia, dermatitis

Question 8

What is wet beri beri characterised by?

Answer 8

CVD (Oedema and HF symptoms)

Question 9

What is dry beri beri characterisd by?

Answer 9

Neurological symptoms e.g. Wernicke’s (pabrinex given to alcoholics to prevent wernicke’s encephalopathy)

Question 10

What can zinc deficiency result in?

Answer 10

Dermatitis

Question 11

What can haemochromatosis result in?

Answer 11

Infertility

Question 12

What is an ideal diet?

Answer 12

50% carbs
33% fat
17% protein

Question 13

The production of which hormone is reduced in obese people which can result in insulin resistance?

Answer 13

White adipose tissues produce adiponectin. In obese people, the levels of adiponectin are reduced which –> insulin resistance

Question 14

Which are the hunger and anti-hunger hormones?

Answer 14

Hunger: ghrelin

Anti-hunger: leptin

Question 15

Name of the satiety hormone produced by the intestines…

Answer 15

PYY

Question 16

What is the BMI definiiton of overweight, obese and morbidly obese?

Answer 16

25-30 overweight
>30 obese
>40 morbidly obese

Question 17

What is the overweight cutoff for south asians?

Answer 17

23, this is because South Asians have a tendency to develop central adipose tissue and they are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Question 18

What is the normal daily protein intake for men and women?

Answer 18

Men: 84g
Women: 64g

Question 19

Which are the good and bad lipids?

Answer 19

Good - polyunsaturated fatty acids

Bad - trans fatty acids

Question 20

Are HDL/LDL changes altered with fasting?

Answer 20

No, but TG levels are

Question 21

What are the 5 features of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 21

Fasting glucose >6.0mmol/l
Microalbumin insulin resistance
Waist circumference >88 in women, >102 in men 
HDL <1.0men, <1.3 women
HTN BP>135/80

Question 22

MOA of orlistat and GLP-1 agonists

Answer 22

Orlistat = pancreatic lipase inhibitor

GLP-1 agonists create a sensation of satiety

Question 23

What are the three types of gastric bypass?

Answer 23

Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass
Sleeve gastrectomy
Adjustable band

Question 24

What two conditions are associated with lack of protein?

Answer 24

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

Question 25

What is marasmus caused by and what are the presenting symptoms?

Answer 25

Lack of CHO, lipids and protein
Features:
- No SC fat
- Shrivelled
- Severe muscle wasting
- Growth retarded

Question 26

What is Kwashiorkor caused by and what are the presenting symptoms?

Answer 26

Protein deficiency
Features:
- Oedematous
- Lethargic
- Large liver/SC fat
- Scaling/ulcerated