Chem path 10s - Nutrition Flashcards
Glutathione reductase test is for…?
Vitamin B2 deficiency (riboflavin)
What does riboflavin (vitB2 deficiency) present with?
Glossitis and corneal ulceration
RBC transketolase test is for…?
Vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine)
What does vit B1 deficiency present with?
Beri-beri, neuropathy, Wernicke’s syndrome
RBC folate test is for…?
Folate deficiency
What vitamin deficiency causes pellagra?
Niacin (B3)
What are the common symptoms of pellagra?
Diarrhoea, dementia, dermatitis
What is wet beri beri characterised by?
CVD (Oedema and HF symptoms)
What is dry beri beri characterisd by?
Neurological symptoms e.g. Wernicke’s (pabrinex given to alcoholics to prevent wernicke’s encephalopathy)
What can zinc deficiency result in?
Dermatitis
What can haemochromatosis result in?
Infertility
What is an ideal diet?
50% carbs
33% fat
17% protein
The production of which hormone is reduced in obese people which can result in insulin resistance?
White adipose tissues produce adiponectin. In obese people, the levels of adiponectin are reduced which –> insulin resistance
Which are the hunger and anti-hunger hormones?
Hunger: ghrelin
Anti-hunger: leptin
Name of the satiety hormone produced by the intestines…
PYY
What is the BMI definiiton of overweight, obese and morbidly obese?
25-30 overweight
>30 obese
>40 morbidly obese
What is the overweight cutoff for south asians?
23, this is because South Asians have a tendency to develop central adipose tissue and they are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease
What is the normal daily protein intake for men and women?
Men: 84g
Women: 64g
Which are the good and bad lipids?
Good - polyunsaturated fatty acids
Bad - trans fatty acids
Are HDL/LDL changes altered with fasting?
No, but TG levels are
What are the 5 features of metabolic syndrome?
Fasting glucose >6.0mmol/l Microalbumin insulin resistance Waist circumference >88 in women, >102 in men HDL <1.0men, <1.3 women HTN BP>135/80
MOA of orlistat and GLP-1 agonists
Orlistat = pancreatic lipase inhibitor
GLP-1 agonists create a sensation of satiety
What are the three types of gastric bypass?
Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass
Sleeve gastrectomy
Adjustable band
What two conditions are associated with lack of protein?
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
What is marasmus caused by and what are the presenting symptoms?
Lack of CHO, lipids and protein Features: - No SC fat - Shrivelled - Severe muscle wasting - Growth retarded
What is Kwashiorkor caused by and what are the presenting symptoms?
Protein deficiency Features: - Oedematous - Lethargic - Large liver/SC fat - Scaling/ulcerated
