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Leila's Yr 5 Pathology > Micro - Antimicrobials 1 + 2 > Flashcards

Micro - Antimicrobials 1 + 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 antimicrobials causing renal dysfunction

A

Vacnomycin (glycopeptide) + gentamicin (amino glycoside)

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2
Q

3 patterns of Abx activity

A

type 1 : concentration dependent killing
type 2 : time dependent killing
type 3: both

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3
Q

Concentration-dependent Abx?

A

Aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin, amikacin

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4
Q

time dependent Abx

A

penicillin

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5
Q

time + concentration dependent Abx

A

VANCOMYCIN

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6
Q

Length of abx course for bacterial endocarditis? for acute osteomyelitis?

A

IE 4-6 weeks

Osteomyelitis 6 weeks

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7
Q

Group A strep pharyngitis length of treatmnet

A

10 days

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8
Q

Typical Abx for pharyngitis? how long for?

A

BenPen 10 days

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9
Q

mx of CAP mlid and severe

A

mild: amoxicillin
severe: Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin

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10
Q

mx of HAP

A

Amoxicillin + gent or taz

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11
Q

management of Neisseria meningitidis

A

Benpen or ceftriaxone +/- amoxicillin (old or neonate)

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12
Q

typical Abx for UTI - community? hospital?

A

community - trimethoprim/nitro

nosocomial = cefalexin or co-amox

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13
Q

Typical Abx for Sepsis - severe?

A

tazocin/ceftriaxone, metro +/- gentamicin

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14
Q

typical abx for neutropaenic

A

tazocin + gentamicin

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15
Q

6 main MOA of antibiotics

A
  1. inhibit cell wall synthesis
  2. inhibit protein synthesis
  3. inhibit DNA syntehsis
  4. Inhibit RNA synthesis
  5. Cell membrane toxine
  6. Inhibit folate synthesis
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16
Q

3 types of beta lactam

A

penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems

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17
Q

How do the cephalosporins change from 1st –> 3rd gen?

A

increased gram -ve activity

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18
Q

name 3 cephalosporins

A

cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone

19
Q

Why were carbapenems developed?

A

bacteria developed extended spectrum beta lactamases, therefore resistant to cephalosporins but nOT carbapenems e.g. meropenem

20
Q

Which cell wall synthesis inhibitors cannot be used against Gram-ves?

A

glycopeptides e.g. vancomycin and teicoplanin as they cannot cross the gram -ve cell wall

21
Q

What type of Abx is gentamicin?

MOA?

A

Aminoglycoside

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosome subunit

22
Q

What are aminoglycosides particularly useful vs?

A

neutropenic gram -ve sepsis, particularly pseudomonas

23
Q

Doxycycline - which Abx class is it in? What is it useful against?

A

tetracycline - intracellular organisms e.g. chlamydia

24
Q

doxy MOA

A

Targets 30S subunit of ribosome/ protein synthesis inhibitor

25
considerations with doxy
do not give to pregnant women or children | SE: photosensitivity rash
26
Name 3 macrolides.
azithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin
27
MOA of macrolides
bind to 50S ribosomal subunit
28
Usefulness of macrolides vs?
Against staph or strep in penicillin allergy, atypical pneumonia
29
Chloramphenicol - why isn't it used much? | MOA
Binds to 50S subunit | Risk of aplastic anaemia and grey baby syndrome in neonates
30
linezolid class of antibiotic and MOA?
Inhibits protein synthesis (oxazolidinone) - prevents formation of 70s complex by binding to 23S component of 50S subunit
31
Linezolid - USE?
Gram +VE ONLY - MRSA, VRE
32
Quinolone - eg? MOA?
Ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin (new) | Bind to alpha unit of DNA gyrase and inhibit DNA synthesis
33
Eg of nitroimidazoles?
metronidazole
34
2 useful groups which metronidazole is used against? give eg of each?
Anaerobes e.g. C.diff and protozoa e.g. Giardia
35
Name an RNA synthesis inhibitor?
Rifampicin
36
Orange secretions, impaired LFTs, DDI with COCP
Rifampicin
37
name 2 cell membrane toxins
Daptomycin and colistin
38
lipopeptide
daptomycin
39
polymyxin
colistin
40
When is colistin used? SE?
Last resort in MDR gram -ve bacteria | last resort as highly nephrotoxic
41
when is daptomycin used?
GRAM +VES ONLY, WHEN RESISTANT
42
4 mechanisms of Abx resistance (beat)
Bypass antibiotic sensitive step Enzyme chemical modification/ inactivation of antibiotic Accumulation reduced of antibiotic Target altered or replaced
43
2 main modes of resistance against beta lactams?
Enzyme mediated inactivation - beta lactamases | Altered target - MecA gene in MRSA encodes novel Penicillin binding proteins, PBP mutations in S.pneumonia
44
2 main SEs of aminoglycosides
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Leila's Yr 5 Pathology (100 decks)

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