Histopathology 1s - Fundamentals

Question 1

Which cell type is a marker of acute inflammation?

Answer 1

Neutrophils

Question 2

Which cells are a marker of chronic inflammation?

Answer 2

Lymphocytes

Question 3

Which cell types seen if have an acute on chronic flare up of disease?

Answer 3

Neutrophils and lymphocytes

Question 4

How do eosinophils appear?

Answer 4

Red granules and bilobed nucleus

Question 5

Which tumour has an eosinophilic component classically?

Answer 5

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 6

What do the granules in macrophages contain?

Answer 6

Histamine and heparin

Question 7

What is a granuloma?

Answer 7

Organised collection of activated macrophages

Question 8

Test used to differentiate between sarcoid and TB

Answer 8

Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid fast bacilli

Question 9

Classical features of squamous cell carcinomas

Answer 9

Keratin production and intercellular bridges

Question 10

Sites of origin of SCCs commonly

Answer 10

Skin, head and neck, cervix, anus, vagina, oesophagus

Question 11

Stain for SCC of lung?

Answer 11

P40

Question 12

Classical features of adenocarcinomas

Answer 12

Mucin production + glands

Question 13

Stain for melanin in melanomas?

Answer 13

Fontana stain

Question 14

Stain for adenocarcinoma

Answer 14

Mucin stain

Question 15

Stain for adenocarcinomas of the lung?

Answer 15

TTF-1 stain

Question 16

What is the general stain used for cytology?

Answer 16

Papanicolaou

Question 17

Stain for copper

Answer 17

Rhodanine

Question 18

Stain for haemochromatosis

Answer 18

Prussian blue

Question 19

Screen for amyloid + the positive result

Answer 19

Congo red stain –> apple green birefringence

Question 20

Brucellosis stain

Answer 20

Castaneda medium

Question 21

What is the lymphoid marker useful in immunohistochemistry?

Answer 21

CD45

Question 22

Epithelial cell marker

Answer 22

Cytokeratins

Question 23

NETs stain used

Answer 23

Chromogranin

Question 24

Which ovarian tumours produce oestrogen?

Answer 24

Granulosa cells, thus at risk of endometrial hyperplasia

Question 25

Centre of a granuloma is bright red, what does this mean?

Answer 25

Likely undergoing necrosis e.g. TB

Question 26

Which layer of the skin has to be damaged for scar formation?

Answer 26

The DERMIS (if only the epidermis, NO scar formation) i.e. damage beyond the basement membrane

Question 27

Primary vs secondary amyloidosis

Answer 27

Primary (AL) from immune conditions | Secondary (AA) from chronic inflammatory conditions e.g. RA

Question 28

What is the 4 step progression of cancer morphology?

Answer 28

Metaplasia --> dysplasia --> In situ carcinoma --> invasive carcinoma

Question 29

Cellular features in dysplasia

Answer 29

High nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio, mitotic figures, neoangiogenesis

Question 30

Feature of invasive carcinoma,

Answer 30

Invasion through the basement membrane

Question 31

Dilatation of aortic root = ?

Answer 31

Marfan's

Question 32

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is suggestive of ?

Answer 32

EBV

Question 33

Aflatoxins (mouldy peanuts) associated with which cancer?

Answer 33

HCC

Question 34

Immature and mature teratomas, seen in which population?

Answer 34

Immature --> men | Mature (dermoid cyst) --> women