Microbiology Flashcards
What is an infection of the cornea known as?
Keratitis
What is an infection of the entire globe known as?
Endophthalmitis
Any baby with conjunctivitis needs referral to ophthalmology. True/false?
True
What are some common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Staph aureus
Strep pneumoniae
H. influenzae
What antibiotic is almost always given in bacterial conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenical
What are some causes of viral conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
What is Hutchinson’s sign?
A sign of nasociliary nerve involvement of herpes zoster infection
Bilateral red eyes in young adults is typical of what condition?
Chlamydial conjunctivitis
What is a hypopyon and when is it seen?
Collection of white cells in the eye - bacterial keratitis
Bacterial keratitis does not require admission. True/false?
False - patients require hourly drops
What kind of ulcer is seen in herpetic keratitis?
Dendritic ulcer
Herpetic keratitis should be treated with steroids. True/false?
False - can cause corneal perforation
Adenoviral keratitis usually follows what infection?
Upper respiratory tract infection
What is orbital cellulitis?
Collection of pus posterior to the septum
Name some organisms that can cause orbital cellulitis
Staph Strep Coliforms H. influenzae Anaerobes
What is the treatment for orbital cellulitis?
Broad spectrum antibiotics and close monitoring
The majority of endophthalmitis cases occur after what?
Surgery
Which organism most commonly causes endophthalmitis?
Staph epidermidis
How is endophthalmitis treated?
Intravitreal amikacin/ceftazidime/vancomycin
What is chorioretinitis?
Inflammation of the choroid and retina
What are some causes of chorioretinitis?
CMV in AIDS
Toxoplasma
Toxocara
How are eye infections diagnosed?
Swabs
Corneal scrapes
Aqueous/vitrous culture
Serology
Which enzyme does chloramphenicol inhibit?
Peptidyl transferase
What are some side effects of chloramphenicol?
Allergy
Irreversible aplastic anaemia
What causes dacrocystitis?
Lacrimal canal blockage becoming infected
How does ofloxacin work?
Inhibits DNA gyrase to prevent nucleic acid synthesis
What can commonly contaminate chloramphenicol bottles?
Pseudomonas
What can be used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenicol Fusidic acid (if chloramphenicol allergy)
What antiviral is used in treatment of dendritic ulcers?
Aciclovir
What is used to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis?
Topical oxytetracycline
What is used to treat bacterial keratitis?
Ofloxacin
Gentamicin and cefuroxime (if ofloxacin fails)
