Microbiology

Question 1

What is an infection of the cornea known as?

Answer 1

Keratitis

Question 2

What is an infection of the entire globe known as?

Answer 2

Endophthalmitis

Question 3

Any baby with conjunctivitis needs referral to ophthalmology. True/false?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are some common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 4

Staph aureus
Strep pneumoniae
H. influenzae

Question 5

What antibiotic is almost always given in bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 5

Chloramphenical

Question 6

What are some causes of viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 6

Adenovirus
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster

Question 7

What is Hutchinson’s sign?

Answer 7

A sign of nasociliary nerve involvement of herpes zoster infection

Question 8

Bilateral red eyes in young adults is typical of what condition?

Answer 8

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

Question 9

What is a hypopyon and when is it seen?

Answer 9

Collection of white cells in the eye - bacterial keratitis

Question 10

Bacterial keratitis does not require admission. True/false?

Answer 10

False - patients require hourly drops

Question 11

What kind of ulcer is seen in herpetic keratitis?

Answer 11

Dendritic ulcer

Question 12

Herpetic keratitis should be treated with steroids. True/false?

Answer 12

False - can cause corneal perforation

Question 13

Adenoviral keratitis usually follows what infection?

Answer 13

Upper respiratory tract infection

Question 14

What is orbital cellulitis?

Answer 14

Collection of pus posterior to the septum

Question 15

Name some organisms that can cause orbital cellulitis

Answer 15

Staph
Strep
Coliforms
H. influenzae
Anaerobes

Question 16

What is the treatment for orbital cellulitis?

Answer 16

Broad spectrum antibiotics and close monitoring

Question 17

The majority of endophthalmitis cases occur after what?

Answer 17

Surgery

Question 18

Which organism most commonly causes endophthalmitis?

Answer 18

Staph epidermidis

Question 19

How is endophthalmitis treated?

Answer 19

Intravitreal amikacin/ceftazidime/vancomycin

Question 20

What is chorioretinitis?

Answer 20

Inflammation of the choroid and retina

Question 21

What are some causes of chorioretinitis?

Answer 21

CMV in AIDS
Toxoplasma
Toxocara

Question 22

How are eye infections diagnosed?

Answer 22

Swabs
Corneal scrapes
Aqueous/vitrous culture
Serology

Question 23

Which enzyme does chloramphenicol inhibit?

Answer 23

Peptidyl transferase

Question 24

What are some side effects of chloramphenicol?

Answer 24

Allergy

Irreversible aplastic anaemia

Question 25

What causes dacrocystitis?

Answer 25

Lacrimal canal blockage becoming infected

Question 26

How does ofloxacin work?

Answer 26

Inhibits DNA gyrase to prevent nucleic acid synthesis

Question 27

What can commonly contaminate chloramphenicol bottles?

Answer 27

Pseudomonas

Question 28

What can be used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 28

``` Chloramphenicol Fusidic acid (if chloramphenicol allergy) ```

Question 29

What antiviral is used in treatment of dendritic ulcers?

Answer 29

Aciclovir

Question 30

What is used to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 30

Topical oxytetracycline

Question 31

What is used to treat bacterial keratitis?

Answer 31

Ofloxacin | Gentamicin and cefuroxime (if ofloxacin fails)