Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an infection of the cornea known as?

A

Keratitis

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2
Q

What is an infection of the entire globe known as?

A

Endophthalmitis

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3
Q

Any baby with conjunctivitis needs referral to ophthalmology. True/false?

A

True

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4
Q

What are some common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Staph aureus
Strep pneumoniae
H. influenzae

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5
Q

What antibiotic is almost always given in bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Chloramphenical

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6
Q

What are some causes of viral conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster

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7
Q

What is Hutchinson’s sign?

A

A sign of nasociliary nerve involvement of herpes zoster infection

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8
Q

Bilateral red eyes in young adults is typical of what condition?

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

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9
Q

What is a hypopyon and when is it seen?

A

Collection of white cells in the eye - bacterial keratitis

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10
Q

Bacterial keratitis does not require admission. True/false?

A

False - patients require hourly drops

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11
Q

What kind of ulcer is seen in herpetic keratitis?

A

Dendritic ulcer

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12
Q

Herpetic keratitis should be treated with steroids. True/false?

A

False - can cause corneal perforation

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13
Q

Adenoviral keratitis usually follows what infection?

A

Upper respiratory tract infection

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14
Q

What is orbital cellulitis?

A

Collection of pus posterior to the septum

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15
Q

Name some organisms that can cause orbital cellulitis

A
Staph
Strep
Coliforms
H. influenzae
Anaerobes
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16
Q

What is the treatment for orbital cellulitis?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics and close monitoring

17
Q

The majority of endophthalmitis cases occur after what?

18
Q

Which organism most commonly causes endophthalmitis?

A

Staph epidermidis

19
Q

How is endophthalmitis treated?

A

Intravitreal amikacin/ceftazidime/vancomycin

20
Q

What is chorioretinitis?

A

Inflammation of the choroid and retina

21
Q

What are some causes of chorioretinitis?

A

CMV in AIDS
Toxoplasma
Toxocara

22
Q

How are eye infections diagnosed?

A

Swabs
Corneal scrapes
Aqueous/vitrous culture
Serology

23
Q

Which enzyme does chloramphenicol inhibit?

A

Peptidyl transferase

24
Q

What are some side effects of chloramphenicol?

A

Allergy

Irreversible aplastic anaemia

25
What causes dacrocystitis?
Lacrimal canal blockage becoming infected
26
How does ofloxacin work?
Inhibits DNA gyrase to prevent nucleic acid synthesis
27
What can commonly contaminate chloramphenicol bottles?
Pseudomonas
28
What can be used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?
``` Chloramphenicol Fusidic acid (if chloramphenicol allergy) ```
29
What antiviral is used in treatment of dendritic ulcers?
Aciclovir
30
What is used to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis?
Topical oxytetracycline
31
What is used to treat bacterial keratitis?
Ofloxacin | Gentamicin and cefuroxime (if ofloxacin fails)