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Ophthalmology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an infection of the cornea known as?

A

Keratitis

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2
Q

What is an infection of the entire globe known as?

A

Endophthalmitis

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3
Q

Any baby with conjunctivitis needs referral to ophthalmology. True/false?

A

True

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4
Q

What are some common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Staph aureus
Strep pneumoniae
H. influenzae

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5
Q

What antibiotic is almost always given in bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Chloramphenical

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6
Q

What are some causes of viral conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster

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7
Q

What is Hutchinson’s sign?

A

A sign of nasociliary nerve involvement of herpes zoster infection

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8
Q

Bilateral red eyes in young adults is typical of what condition?

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

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9
Q

What is a hypopyon and when is it seen?

A

Collection of white cells in the eye - bacterial keratitis

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10
Q

Bacterial keratitis does not require admission. True/false?

A

False - patients require hourly drops

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11
Q

What kind of ulcer is seen in herpetic keratitis?

A

Dendritic ulcer

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12
Q

Herpetic keratitis should be treated with steroids. True/false?

A

False - can cause corneal perforation

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13
Q

Adenoviral keratitis usually follows what infection?

A

Upper respiratory tract infection

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14
Q

What is orbital cellulitis?

A

Collection of pus posterior to the septum

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15
Q

Name some organisms that can cause orbital cellulitis

A 
Staph
Strep
Coliforms
H. influenzae
Anaerobes
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16
Q

What is the treatment for orbital cellulitis?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics and close monitoring

17
Q

The majority of endophthalmitis cases occur after what?

A

Surgery

18
Q

Which organism most commonly causes endophthalmitis?

A

Staph epidermidis

19
Q

How is endophthalmitis treated?

A

Intravitreal amikacin/ceftazidime/vancomycin

20
Q

What is chorioretinitis?

A

Inflammation of the choroid and retina

21
Q

What are some causes of chorioretinitis?

A

CMV in AIDS
Toxoplasma
Toxocara

22
Q

How are eye infections diagnosed?

A

Swabs
Corneal scrapes
Aqueous/vitrous culture
Serology

23
Q

Which enzyme does chloramphenicol inhibit?

A

Peptidyl transferase

24
Q

What are some side effects of chloramphenicol?

A

Allergy

Irreversible aplastic anaemia

25
Q

What causes dacrocystitis?

A

Lacrimal canal blockage becoming infected

26
Q

How does ofloxacin work?

A

Inhibits DNA gyrase to prevent nucleic acid synthesis

27
Q

What can commonly contaminate chloramphenicol bottles?

A

Pseudomonas

28
Q

What can be used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

A 
Chloramphenicol
Fusidic acid (if chloramphenicol allergy)
29
Q

What antiviral is used in treatment of dendritic ulcers?

A

Aciclovir

30
Q

What is used to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

Topical oxytetracycline

31
Q

What is used to treat bacterial keratitis?

A

Ofloxacin

Gentamicin and cefuroxime (if ofloxacin fails)

Ophthalmology (14 decks)

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