Eye in Systemic Disease Flashcards
Outline the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy
Chronic hyperglycaemia causes glycosylation of the basement membrane leading to a loss of pericytes and microaneurysms
Give some signs of non-proliferative retinopathy
Microaneurysms
Hard exudate
Cotton wool patches
How do diabetic patients lose their vision?
Retinal oedema affecting the fovea
Vitreous haemorrhage
Retinal detachment
What makes retinopathy proliferative?
New vessel growth
Give some features of hypertensive retinopathy
Cotton wool spots
Hard exudates
Retinal haemorrhage
In central retinal artery occlusion there is sudden painful/painless loss of vision
Painless
Give examples of infective diseases causing uveitis
TB
Herpes zoster
Toxoplamosis
Give examples of non-infective diseases causing uveitis
Sarcoidosis
Juvenile arthritis
Reactive arthritis
Give some symptoms of giant cell arteritis
Headache
Shoulder girdle weakness
Scalp tenderness
Jaw claudication
Why should steroids be given early in giant cell arteritis?
As it can lead to blindness if not treated
Give some extraocular features of thyroid eye disease
Proptosis
Lid lag
Lid pigmentation
Give some ocular features of thyroid eye disease
Glaucoma
Optic nerve swelling
What characterises thyroid eye disease?
Swelling of extraocular muscles and orbital fat
