Clinical Anatomy

Question 1

Which muscle controls eye opening?

Answer 1

Superior tarsal muscle

Question 2

Which muscle controls eye closing?

Answer 2

Orbicularis oculi

Question 3

Which nerves control eye opening and eye closing?

Answer 3

Eye opening = CN III

Eye closing = CN VII

Question 4

Orbital cellulitis is an inflammation anterior/posterior to the orbital septum

Answer 4

Posterior

Question 5

Bulbar conjunctiva covers the eyeball/inner eyelids while palpebral conjunctiva covers the eyeball/inner eyelid

Answer 5

Eyeball = bulbar

Inner eyelids = palpebral

Question 6

What sign on the conjunctiva suggest adenoconjunctivitis?

Answer 6

Bilateral velvet-like follicles

Question 7

An increase/decrease in zonular fibre tension allows for near focusing

Answer 7

Decrease

Question 8

What is found within the uvea?

Answer 8

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

Question 9

Aqueous humour is produced by what?

Answer 9

Filtration of blood at ciliary processes

Question 10

Outline the path of aqueous humour

Answer 10

Nourishes lens in posterior chamber and cornea in anterior chamber before draining into canal of Schlemm

Question 11

A pancoast tumour may lead to compression of what structure?

Answer 11

Superior cervical ganglion

Question 12

Which intraocular muscles are controlled by CN III?

Answer 12

Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique
Levator palpebrae superioris

Question 13

CN III is in close proximity to which artery?

Answer 13

Posterior communicating artery

Question 14

Which muscle is controlled by CN IV?

Answer 14

Superior oblique

Question 15

Why is Hutchinson’s sign seen in herpes zoster infection of CN V?

Answer 15

As the trigeminal nerve supplies the tip of the nose

Question 16

Which muscle is controlled by CN VI?

Answer 16

Lateral rectus

Question 17

All rectus muscles originate at what structure?

Answer 17

Common tendinous ring

Question 18

Why does optic neuritis cause painful eye movements?

Answer 18

As the optic nerve sheath is attached to the common tendinous ring

Question 19

A blowout fracture will usually entrap which muscle?

Answer 19

Inferior rectus

Question 20

What artery supplies the eye and what is it a branch of?

Answer 20

Ophthalmic artery - branch of internal carotid

Question 21

Why is it significant that the central retinal artery is an end artery?

Answer 21

As emboli can lodge and cause ischaemia leading to blindness

Question 22

What is found in the middle of a fundus?

Answer 22

Macula

Question 23

What is the main vein draining the eye?

Answer 23

Superior ophthalmic vein

Question 24

The cornea has a rich/poor supply of free nerve endings

Answer 24

Rich