*Microbiology 5 (antibiotic man/ antibiotics given for what)

Question 1

Treatment of mild CAP?

Answer 1

Oral Amoxicillin

Question 2

Treatment of mild CAP if penicillin allergy?

Answer 2

Oral Doxycycline

Question 3

Treatment of moderate CAP?

Answer 3

IV Amoxicillin

Question 4

Treatment of moderate CAP if penicillin allergy?

Answer 4

IV clarithromycin

Question 5

Treatment of severe CAP?

Answer 5

Co-amoxiclav IV + either Clarithromycin IV or doxycycline oral
Step down to doxycycline

Question 6

Treatment of severe CAP if penicillin allergy?

Answer 6

IV Levofloxacin

Step down to doxycycline

Question 7

Treatment of severe HAP/ aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 7

IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

Step down to co-trimoxazole + metronidazole

Question 8

Treatment of severe HAP/ aspiration pneumonia if penicillin allergic?

Answer 8

IV co-trimoxazole + metronidazole + gentamicin

Step down to co-trimoxazole + metronidazole

Question 9

Treatment of non-severe HAP/ aspiration pneumonia if penicillin allergic?

Answer 9

oral co-trimoxazole + metronidazole

Question 10

1st and 2nd line treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 10

1st line = amoxicillin

2nd line = doxycycline

Question 11

Treatment for endocarditis (native valve indolent (Subacute))?

Answer 11

Amoxicillin IV + gentamicin IV

Question 12

Treatment for endocarditis? (native valve severe sepsis (acute))

Answer 12

Flucloxacillin IV

Question 13

Treatment for endocarditis? (prosthetic valve or suspected MRSA)

Answer 13

Vancomycin IV + Rifampicin oral + gentamicin IV

Question 14

Treatment for endocarditis? (native valve severe sepsis + risk factors for resistant pathogens)

Answer 14

Vancomycin IV + Meropenem IV

Question 15

Treatment of non-severe C. diff. infection?

Answer 15

Oral metronidazole

Question 16

Treatment of severe C. diff.?

Answer 16

IV vancomycin +/- IV metronidazole

Question 17

Treatment of peritonitis/ biliary tree infection/ intra-abdominal infection?

Answer 17

IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

Step down to oral Co-trimoxazole + metronidazole

Question 18

Treatment of peritonitis/ biliary tree infection/ intra-abdominal infection if allergic to penicillin?

Answer 18

IV vancomycin + metronidazole + gentamicin

Step down to oral Co-trimoxazole + metronidazole

Question 19

Antibiotics for acute gastroenteritis?

Answer 19

No antibiotic treatment recommended

Question 20

Antibiotics for acute pancreatitis?

Answer 20

Antibiotic treatment does not improve outcome?

Question 21

Treatment for severe proven spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

Answer 21

Pipercillin/ Tazobactam IV (“Tazocin”)

Step down to oral co-trimoxazole

Question 22

Treatment for mild proven spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

Answer 22

Oral co-trimoxazole

Question 23

Treatment of a streptococcus throat infection?

Answer 23

Penicillin

Question 24

Treatment of a gas gangrene clostridium infection?

Answer 24

metronidazole + penicillin

Question 25

What is the first line treatment for staph. aureus infection?

Answer 25

Flucloxacillin

Question 26

Treatment of staph. and strep. skin and soft tissue infection?

Answer 26

Flucloxacillin

Question 27

Treatment of urinary sepsis/ pyelonephritis in hospital?

Answer 27

Amoxicillin and gentamicin

Question 28

Treatment of pyrexia of unknown origin?

Answer 28

Amoxicillin + gentamicin + metronidazole

Question 29

What 3 bacteria can co-amoxiclav not treat?

Answer 29

MRSA Pseudomonas sp. Resistant coliforms

Question 30

What is used to treat pyelonephritis in the community?

Answer 30

Co-amoxiclav

Question 31

How are the atypical pneumonias treated?

Answer 31

Clarithromycin, Ciprofloxacin

Question 32

What antibiotics can be used to treat MRSA?

Answer 32

Vancomycin, Gentamicin

Question 33

What antibiotic is used to treat co-agulase negative staph infection in a prosthetic limb?

Answer 33

Vancomycin

Question 34

How long is gentamicin usually prescribed for? | Why must patients on gentamicin have their blood levels monitored?

Answer 34

3 days | Gentamicin toxicity can cause damage to CNVIII (deafness and dizziness) and kidneys

Question 35

What drug is given for protozoal infections?

Answer 35

Metronidazole

Question 36

What antibiotic is given for material vaginosis?

Answer 36

Metronidazole

Question 37

What are 3 problems with metronidazole?

Answer 37

It is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy It can give a nasty metallic taste in the mouth It interacts badly with alcohol

Question 38

What is the only oral antibiotic that has activity against pseudomonas sp?

Answer 38

Ciprofloxacin

Question 39

What antibiotic is used to treat UTIs?

Answer 39

Trimethoprim

Question 40

What problem can sulphamethoxazole cause?

Answer 40

Rarely Steven-Johnson syndrome - a severe skin reaction

Question 41

What problem can doxycycline cause?

Answer 41

Brown staining of the teeth in children

Question 42

What is used to treat gonnorhoea

Answer 42

Ceftriaxone (given IM)

Question 43

What is used to treat bacterial meningitis?

Answer 43

Ceftriaxone (IV)

Question 44

What drug (in very general terms) is used to treat gram positive bacteria?

Answer 44

Amoxicillin

Question 45

What drug (in very general terms) is used to treat gram negative bacteria?

Answer 45

Gentamicin

Question 46

What drug is used to treat anaerobic bacteria?

Answer 46

Metronidazole