*Anatomy - Reproductive System Flashcards
Male gametes?
Female gametes?
Spermatozoa
Oocyte or ovum
Are gametes diploid or haploid?
Haploid
Male gonad?
Female gonad?
Testicle
Ovary
What is formed when a spermatozoa fertilises an oocyte?
Zygote (diploid)
What does the pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm) separate?
Separates the pelvic cavity and perineum (internal wall of skeletal muscle)
What is inferior to the pelvic floor?
The perineum (includes both skin and underlying muscle
What forms the pelvic roof?
Parietal peritoneum
What is the name of the pouch between the bladder and uterus?
Vesico-uterine pouch
What is the name of the pouch between the rectum and uterus?
Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas) - most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity
What are the 3 holes that women have in their perineum? - from anterior to posterior
External urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
Anus
What is the female reproductive organs?
Ovaries
What are the accessory reproductive organs? (3)
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
What are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus wall?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
What is the neck of the uterus called?
The cervix
Parts of the uterine tubes (from the ovaries to the uterus)? (4)
Fimbriae of the peritoneal cavity
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
What happens after the ovum is released from the surface of an ovary?
The ovum is released into the peritoneal cavity and is then gathered by the fimbriae into the infundibulum of the uterine tube
How is the ovum moved along the uterine tube?
By the cilia
What happens during menstruation?
An unfertilised ovum is expelled by contractions of the myometrium
What happens during an ectopic pregnancy?
Where can this be?
The fertilised ovum implants outwith the uterine cavity (tubal pregnancy (97%) or abdominal pregnancy
Why is an ectopic pregnancy a potential emergency?
Danger of haemorrhage
What is involved in female sterilisation?
Tubal ligation
Both uterine tubes are either clipped, cut or cauterised
What is the position of the anatomical position of the penis?
Erect (anterior surface is at front when erect)
What is the hole on the penis?
The external urethral orifice
What is the scientific name for the hood of the penis?
Prepuce
Where does the testis originate during development?
On the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
What do the testis pass through when the descend into the scrotum?
Through the anterior abdominal wall (inguinal canal)
What is the tube that sperm pass through which connects the testis to (almost) the urethra?
Vas deferens (follow the testis into the scrotum)
What does the inguinal canal convey in women?
The round ligament of the uterus
Where are sperm produced?
In the seminiferous tubules
What is the temp. of the seminiferous tubules?
What helps to control this?
About 1 degree below core body temperature
Dartos muscle helps to control temp.
Where do sperm pass from the seminiferous tubules to?
Rete testis
Where does sperm pass from the rate testis to?
The head of epididymis -> tail of epididymis
Where does the sperm pass from the tail of epididymis to?
Vas deferens
what is contained within the spermatic cord?
Vas deferens
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus of veins
What is torsion of the testis?
Twisting of spermatic cord which distrust blood supply and causes severe pain - medical emergency as can cause testicular necrosis
What produces seminal fluid?
What does the seminal fluid do?
The seminal gland
It contains fructose which provides energy to the sperm helping them move
What does the duct from a seminal vesicle and a vas deferens join to form?
The ejaculatory duct
What does the ejaculatory ducts and the vas deferens join to form?
The urethra
What is the part of the urethra that passes through the prostate called?
The prostatic urethra
Parts of the penis?
Root of penis
Body of penis
Glans
External urethral orifice
What does the penis contain which helps it become arrest?
3 cylinders of erectile tissue which become engorged with blood helping it become erect
What are the male accessory reproductive organs? (4)
The vas deferens
Seminal glands
Prostate gland
Penis
What does each vas deferens pass in the abdominal cavity through to reach the pelvic cavity?
Inguinal canal
What is semen?
Sperm + seminal fluid
Where is immediately superior to the prostate gland?
The bladder
Where does the urethra open on the penis?
At the external urethral meatus
What is the procedure called which produces male sterilisation?
Vasectomy
