Microbio Week 2 Flashcards
Charles Darwin
Pioneered the ideas that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor
Theory of natural selection
Individuals of a species are more likely to survive in their environment and pass on their genes to the next generation when they inherit traits best suited for survival.
Theory of natural selection
Individuals of a species are more likely to survive in their environment and pass on their genes to the next generation when they inherit traits best suited for survival.
Theory of evolution
Living things change gradually over time as new generations of the organism come about.
*Process is selective due to traits with higher fitness
Phylogenetics
Study of the evolutionary history and relationships among groups of organisms
Phylogenetic trees
Diagrams used to show the relatedness of organisms
Domains of life
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Organic Chemicals
Carbon covalently bonded to other elements
Carbon is the fundamental element of life because
It is versatile
Hydroxyl
R-O-H
Alcohols, carbs, nucleic acids
Carboxyl
R-C^O-O-H
Fatty acids, proteins, organic acids
Amino
R-N-H2
Proteins, nucleic acids
Phosphate
R-O-P^O/OH-OH
Nucleic Acids, atp
Monomer
A repeating subunit
Polymer
A chain of monomers
Nucleic Acid
contains genetic info
Nucleotide monomer basic building block of DNA and RNA
Proteins
Breakdown of substances
struc. Support
Transport
Comm
Workhorse of the cell
Carbohydrates
Energy
Energy storage
Struc. Support
Building Block
Backbone of carbon
Generally soluble
Lipids
Protective membrane
Energy Storage
Communication
Poorly soluble
Hydrophobic
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Mostly dbl helix
Hereditary Material
RNA
ribonucleic acid
Ribose sugar
Folds into diverse struc
Organize Protein Syn
DNA replication
Copy DNA sequence
Mutations
Any change to the usual DNA sequence
Amino Acid
Basic building block of proteins, bond together to make peptides, all proteins have the same backbone with unique side chains
Characteristics of Living Things
Reproduction and Heredity
Energy
Growth—-> Getting bigger
Prokaryotes
Lack a nucleus
Ex: Archaea Bacteria
All bacteria have
Cell Membrane (Phospholipid Bilayer)
Chromosomal DNA
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Some bacteria have
Fimbria
2nd cell membrane
Cell wall
cytoskeleton
Pillus
Glycocalyx
Microcompartments
Plasmid
Flagellum
Bacteria Lack
Higher order organelles such as mitochondria.
Flagellum
Locomotion
Fimbrae
Fine, proteinaceous, hair-like bristles emerging from cell surface
Pili
Rigid tubular structure mad of pilin protein
Cell envelope is composed of
Glycocalyx
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Have:
Peptidoglycan
Cell Membrane
Glycocalyx
Stain Purple
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Have:
Cell Membrane
Peptidoglycan
Periplasmic space
Outer Membrane
Glycocalyx
Stain Red/Pink
Coccus
Spherical
Rod
Rod shaped
Vibrio
Comma shaped
Spirochet and Spirillum
Spiral Shaped
Species
Collection of organisms that show similar patterns of traits
Strain or Subspecies
Sub group that share with the unique structure or gene
