Microbio lecture 2

Question 1

Microbiology range

Answer 1

micrometers, nanometers, millimeters

Question 2

Evidence for microbes existence

Answer 2

Fossil, some visible via microscopes

Question 3

All microbes

Answer 3

1. Enclosure/ “body”
2. Genetic Material = DNA or virus have RNA or DNA

Question 4

Types of Microbes

Answer 4

Eukaryotes, Viroids, Prokaryotes

Question 5

Prokaryotes

Answer 5

Single cell organism that lacks a nucleus and lacks the majority of other membrane bound organelles (except ribosomes)

-Chromosomes
-Ribosomes
- some have flagellum
- cell membrane
- Most have a cell wall
- DNA

Question 6

Eukaryotes

Answer 6

Largest of all types microbes, they contain membrane bound organelles

Ex:
Algae, protozoa, Fungi

Question 7

Viruses

Answer 7

Not technically Alive, because they require a host to form a parasitic relationship with. They are also very simple and have a small structure, therefore they are more challenging to study.

Question 8

Spontaneous Generation

Answer 8

The belief that non living matter can arise from living matter.

Question 9

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 9

Develops first microscopes and discovers the microbial world

Importance of discoveries:
Novel Technology
Microscopic life exists

Question 10

Scientific Method

Answer 10

The approach that anyone can use to explain a natural phenomenon using a lengthy process of experimentation, analysis, collecting data, and assessing whether the data supports or refutes the hypothesis.

Question 11

Louis Pasteur

Answer 11

Realized that microbes are everywhere, father of germ theory, and he performed the infamous swan flask experiment

Question 12

Swan flask experiment

Answer 12

He put nutrient broth in two flasks and kept one sealed and one unsealed. He then boiled both flasks and notice that the open flask had growth and the sealed one had no growth. He then broke open the sealed flask and noticed that it had growth. This overturned spontaneous generation

Key findings:
Pasteurization
Germ theory of disease
First vaccines developed

Question 13

Pasteurization

Answer 13

The sterilization of not only milk/food, but also medical instruments

Question 14

Robert Koch

Answer 14

Solidified Germ theory, because he noticed symptoms of infection in human, transferred the microbe, isolated it, transferred it to a healthy animal and then re isolated the microbe.

Keyfinding:
First conclusive evidence that bacteria are the causative agents of some diseases
Lead to development of Koch’s postulates (set of four principles)

Question 15

Koch’s postulates

Answer 15

1. Microorganism must be found inn abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms
2. Microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture
3. The cultured Microorganism should cause disease when introduced to a healthy organism
4. The microorganism must be re isolated from the inoculated, disease experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent

Question 16

Taxonomy

Answer 16

organizing, classifying, and naming microbes

Question 17

Nomenclature

Answer 17

The science of naming things

Question 18

Classification

Answer 18

Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relatedness

Question 19

Levels of classification

Answer 19

King Kingdom
Phillip Phylum
Came Class
Over Order
For Family
Good Genus
Spaghetti. Species