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microbiology > microbial pathogenic mechanisms > Flashcards

microbial pathogenic mechanisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how do microbes evade innate immunity

A

killing or avoiding being killed by microbes, interfering with ciliary action, interfering with complements alternative pathway, making iron binding molecules, blocking interferons

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2
Q

how do microbes evade phagocytosis

A

inhibit lysosomal fusion, escape lysosome and grow in plasma, block interferon, inhibit opsonization and chemotaxis

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3
Q

how can viruses thwart immune defneses

A

they invade tissues silently

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4
Q

what viruses can infect cells for a long amt of time without adverse effects on cell viability

A

rubella, HPV, hep B, and EBV

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5
Q

what viruses are shed consistently

A

EBV in saliva, hep b in blood, and egg feces in worm infections

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6
Q

what viruses are shed intermittently

A

HSV, polymaviruses, typhoid bacilli, tuberle bacilli, malaria parasites

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7
Q

how do microbes evade lymphocytes in adaptive immunity

A

conceal antigens, antigenic variation (change strands), and immunosuppression

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8
Q

antigenic variation?

A

genetic changes in microbe like when the flu changes its strain every yr

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9
Q

what are sequestered antigens

A

when viruses hide their antigens so we dont recognize them as a virus and fight them off

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10
Q

ex of sequestered antigen

A

persistent latent viruses such as HSV in sensory neurons and HIV

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11
Q

immune priviledged sites?

A

CNS, joints, testes and placenta where lymphocyte circulation is reduced and antibody complement is limited

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12
Q

a hydatid cyst is an ____

A

immune privedaged site

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13
Q

hydatid cyst?

A

cyst in lungs, liver, or brain where echinococcus granulosus live

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14
Q

molecular mimicry?

A

when something in the body looks like a microbe so they body kills it but its not harmful so the host damages itself ex: gluten

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15
Q

3 mechanisms for antigenic variation

A

mutation, recombination and gene switching

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16
Q

major surface antigens of flu?

A

hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

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17
Q

which surface ag of the flu is better at inducing innate immunity

A

HA

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18
Q

why do viruses cause immunosuppression

A

unknown maybe allows it to invade the host easier

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19
Q

how do microbes immunosuppress?

A

infect T cells, B cells,, macrophages, and dendritic cells

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20
Q

EBV infects

A

b cells

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21
Q

CMV and leischmania infect

A

macrophages

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22
Q

immunosuppression results in

A

impaired cell function, reduced cell division, block cytokines, and apoptosis

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23
Q

superantigens?

A

bind mhc class 2 and tlr

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24
Q

nonspecific polyclonal activators of t cells

A

superantigens

25
Q

nonspecific polyclonal activators of B cells

A

b cell mitogens

26
Q

when a microbe has a superantigen, the immune response is

A

unproductive and has poor antimicrobial value

27
Q

why are persistent infections important

A

latent viruses can be reactivated
may be associated with chronic disease
may be assoc with cancers
infectious agent persists in host community

28
Q

viruses assoc. with chronic disease?

A

hep B and AIDS

29
Q

acute self limited infection

A

disease peaks then is gone ex: flu, rotavirus, whooping cough

30
Q

persistent infection with shedding

A

disease peaks then continues shedding over time ex: EBV and tapeworms

31
Q

persistent latent infection

A

disease peaks, recovers, then reactivates ex: HSV, zoster, tb, malaria

32
Q

persisten slow infection

A

slowed microbial growth then the disease with 0 inflammatory component

33
Q

who is reactivation important in

A

immunocompromised ppl such as aids, tumor, transplant, pregnancy, old age, stress

34
Q

what cancer does EBV cause

A

burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal CA, hodgkin

35
Q

what cancer does human papilloma virus cause

A

cervical ca and skin cancer

36
Q

what cancer does hep b and c cause

A

liver

37
Q

HSV2 causes

A

cervical ca

38
Q

how do we get successfu vaccines

A

inactivation of toxins without changing antigenicity

39
Q

c diptheria inhibits

A

protein synthesis

40
Q

v cholerae causes

A

hyperactivation and diarrhea

41
Q

what is diarrhea caused by

A

toxins, damage to epithelial cells, and changes in ETC

42
Q

toxins in food and sx are quick

A

food poisoning

43
Q

c tetani and c botulinism effects

A

nerve-muscle transmission

44
Q

LPS is made of

A

lipid A, polysaccharide core, and variable O polysaccharide

45
Q

lipid a?

A

does toxic activity

46
Q

polysaccharide o?

A

serologic diversity

47
Q

fever is due to

A

IL1 and TNF

48
Q

how are cytokines made

A

antigen binds to lps and macrophages release them

49
Q

endotoxic shock?

A

systemic spread of organisms

50
Q

example of endotoxic shock

A

septicemia and gram - bacteria like e coli and nisseria meningidis

51
Q

pyrogenic exotoxins are released by the bacteria in ____ inf.

A

spreptococcal

52
Q

TNF alpha serum correlates with severity of disease in

A

septic shock

53
Q

TSS?

A

staphlococcal infections of genital tract

54
Q

mediator of TSS

A

TSST1

55
Q

TSST1 acts as a

A

superantigen

56
Q

what happens when complement is activated in the pulmonary capilllaries and edema results

A

ARDS

57
Q

DIC is a feature of

A

bacterial septicemia

58
Q

tissue damaging effects of hypersensitivity are called?

A

immunopathologic

microbiology (13 decks)

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