lecture 1 commonly missed Flashcards

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1
Q

largest microbes?

A

protozoa and fungi

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2
Q

helmiths are partof the ____ kingdom

A

animal

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3
Q

which microbe is not free living

A

virus

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4
Q

outer lipoprotein membrane are on some______

A

viruses

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5
Q

viruese can be spread by:

A

Inhaled droplets
food/water
Infected host
Bites from arthropods

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6
Q

rhinovirus and flu virus are spread by

A

droplets

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7
Q

hep A and norovirus are spread

A

in food or water

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8
Q

hep B and HIV are spread by

A

direct transfer from other infected hosts

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9
Q

yellow fever and west nile virus are spredad by

A

bites from vector arthropods

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10
Q

direct inoculation

A

injections, trauma, insect bites

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11
Q

how does the flu get into the body

A

sialic acid receptors on lung epithelia cells and URT

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12
Q

how does the rabies get into the body

A

ACh receptor via neuronal adhesion molecule

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13
Q

how does the HIV get into the body

A

CD4, CCR5, CXCR4

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14
Q

how does the EBV get into the body

A

C3d receptor on b cells

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15
Q

how does the HPV get into the body

A

P antigen, Ku80

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16
Q

how does hep C get into the body

A

cell surface glycosaminoglycans

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17
Q

how does the human rhinoviruses get into the body

A

CAM 1 or VLDL R

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18
Q

Timothy brown

A

Had HIV and leukemia
Got treated with BM transplant for leukemia and donor cells had a CCR5-D32 mutation
He was then HIV negative

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19
Q

when is virus no longer infective

A

when in hosts cytoplasm

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20
Q

Effects of viral infection in host cell

A

lysis/death
Fusion of cells
No change
Malignant transformation

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21
Q

nucleus of a prok

A

nucleoid

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22
Q

extrachromosomal dna in bacteria

A

plasmids

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23
Q

c diphtheria inhibits

A

protein synthesis

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24
Q

v cholerae causes

A

hyperactivation

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25
Q

c tetani and botulism effect

A

nerve muscle transmission

26
Q

fever and hypotension

A

lipid A

27
Q

Prevents phagocytosis and mediates adherence

A

capsule

28
Q

Determines virulence (severity of disease)

A

capsule

29
Q

Mediate attachment and resist phagocytosis

A

pili

30
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis and viridans streptococci cause

A

endocarditis

31
Q

spores are on

A

gram + rods

32
Q

fungi have a Thick carb wall with

A

glucans and chitin

33
Q

EX: candida, aspergillus, mucor, saccharomyces cerevisiae

A

fungi

34
Q

fungi grow as

A

filamentous/hyphae or yeasts/ circles

35
Q

on body surfaces; tinea pedis (athletes foot) vaginal candidiasis (thrush)

A

Superficial/cutaneous mycoses

36
Q

nails and deeper layers of skin; mycetoma (madura foot) and sporotrichosis

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

37
Q

involve internal organs and are opportunistic fungi so they infect immunocompromised; histoplasmosis and systemic candidiasis

A

Deep/systemic mycoses

38
Q

Prevalent in tropical or subtropical regions

A

protozoa

39
Q

Plasmodium and leishmania- insect transmitted

Toxoplasma- in utero

A

intracellular parasites of protozoa

40
Q

blood, intestine, genitourinary system

Transmitted via contaminated food or water EXCEPT: trichomonas vaginalis and trypanosomes (via insect vectors)

A

extracellular parasites of protozoa

41
Q

4 groups of Protozoa

A

Sarcodina (amoebas)
Sporozoa (sporozoans)
Mastigophora (flagellates)
Ciliata (ciliates)

42
Q

Praziquantel/biltricide

A

treats worm/schistocyte infections

43
Q

carrier state orgs

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae- pneumonia

Neisseria meningitidis- meningitis

44
Q

MC sexually transmitted; rarely via urine

A

UTI

45
Q

potential pathogen carriers childbreaing

A

group b strep and c albicans

46
Q

potential pathogen carriers skin

A

staph aureus

47
Q

potential pathogen carriers nasopharynx

A

strep pneumoniae, n meningidis, h flu, group a strep, staph aureus

48
Q

potential pathogen carriers, stomach and SI

A

none

49
Q

potential pathogen carriers colon

A

e coli, bacteroides frigilis, pseudomonas, candida, clostridium

50
Q

potential pathogen carriers prepubertal and postmenopausal

A

c albicans

51
Q

one would prob get HSV or pparamyxavirus as

A

a child

52
Q

one would prob get cmv or ebv

A

as a adult

53
Q

streptobacillus moniliformis is in

A

rat saliva

54
Q

blood transmission

A

needle, arthropod, mother/fetus

55
Q

megakaryocytes are immature

A

plateltes

56
Q

lymphoid progenitor cells

A

B cells, T cells, NK cells

57
Q

cross reactivity

A

he was exposed to cowpox and was immune to that as well as smallpox

58
Q

edward jenner discovered the

A

smallpox vaccine

59
Q

drugs used to treat bacterial infections in order

A

penecillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin (when cant use others)

60
Q

antimicrobial drugs

A

penecillins, cephalosporings, tetracyclines, aminoglycosdes, macrolides, fluoroquinolones