lecture 1 commonly missed Flashcards
largest microbes?
protozoa and fungi
helmiths are partof the ____ kingdom
animal
which microbe is not free living
virus
outer lipoprotein membrane are on some______
viruses
viruese can be spread by:
Inhaled droplets
food/water
Infected host
Bites from arthropods
rhinovirus and flu virus are spread by
droplets
hep A and norovirus are spread
in food or water
hep B and HIV are spread by
direct transfer from other infected hosts
yellow fever and west nile virus are spredad by
bites from vector arthropods
direct inoculation
injections, trauma, insect bites
how does the flu get into the body
sialic acid receptors on lung epithelia cells and URT
how does the rabies get into the body
ACh receptor via neuronal adhesion molecule
how does the HIV get into the body
CD4, CCR5, CXCR4
how does the EBV get into the body
C3d receptor on b cells
how does the HPV get into the body
P antigen, Ku80
how does hep C get into the body
cell surface glycosaminoglycans
how does the human rhinoviruses get into the body
CAM 1 or VLDL R
Timothy brown
Had HIV and leukemia
Got treated with BM transplant for leukemia and donor cells had a CCR5-D32 mutation
He was then HIV negative
when is virus no longer infective
when in hosts cytoplasm
Effects of viral infection in host cell
lysis/death
Fusion of cells
No change
Malignant transformation
nucleus of a prok
nucleoid
extrachromosomal dna in bacteria
plasmids
c diphtheria inhibits
protein synthesis
v cholerae causes
hyperactivation
c tetani and botulism effect
nerve muscle transmission
fever and hypotension
lipid A
Prevents phagocytosis and mediates adherence
capsule
Determines virulence (severity of disease)
capsule
Mediate attachment and resist phagocytosis
pili
Staphylococcus epidermidis and viridans streptococci cause
endocarditis
spores are on
gram + rods
fungi have a Thick carb wall with
glucans and chitin
EX: candida, aspergillus, mucor, saccharomyces cerevisiae
fungi
fungi grow as
filamentous/hyphae or yeasts/ circles
on body surfaces; tinea pedis (athletes foot) vaginal candidiasis (thrush)
Superficial/cutaneous mycoses
nails and deeper layers of skin; mycetoma (madura foot) and sporotrichosis
Subcutaneous mycoses
involve internal organs and are opportunistic fungi so they infect immunocompromised; histoplasmosis and systemic candidiasis
Deep/systemic mycoses
Prevalent in tropical or subtropical regions
protozoa
Plasmodium and leishmania- insect transmitted
Toxoplasma- in utero
intracellular parasites of protozoa
blood, intestine, genitourinary system
Transmitted via contaminated food or water EXCEPT: trichomonas vaginalis and trypanosomes (via insect vectors)
extracellular parasites of protozoa
4 groups of Protozoa
Sarcodina (amoebas)
Sporozoa (sporozoans)
Mastigophora (flagellates)
Ciliata (ciliates)
Praziquantel/biltricide
treats worm/schistocyte infections
carrier state orgs
Streptococcus pneumoniae- pneumonia
Neisseria meningitidis- meningitis
MC sexually transmitted; rarely via urine
UTI
potential pathogen carriers childbreaing
group b strep and c albicans
potential pathogen carriers skin
staph aureus
potential pathogen carriers nasopharynx
strep pneumoniae, n meningidis, h flu, group a strep, staph aureus
potential pathogen carriers, stomach and SI
none
potential pathogen carriers colon
e coli, bacteroides frigilis, pseudomonas, candida, clostridium
potential pathogen carriers prepubertal and postmenopausal
c albicans
one would prob get HSV or pparamyxavirus as
a child
one would prob get cmv or ebv
as a adult
streptobacillus moniliformis is in
rat saliva
blood transmission
needle, arthropod, mother/fetus
megakaryocytes are immature
plateltes
lymphoid progenitor cells
B cells, T cells, NK cells
cross reactivity
he was exposed to cowpox and was immune to that as well as smallpox
edward jenner discovered the
smallpox vaccine
drugs used to treat bacterial infections in order
penecillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin (when cant use others)
antimicrobial drugs
penecillins, cephalosporings, tetracyclines, aminoglycosdes, macrolides, fluoroquinolones
