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host immune response Flashcards

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1
Q

N formyl methionyl-

A

mediate antimicrobial responses

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2
Q

Mannose receptors

A

initiate phagocytosis of microbes

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3
Q

Scavenger receptors

A

phagocytosis of cell debris

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4
Q

Cytokines-

A

proteins made by cells that mediate inflammation

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5
Q

Principal mediators of communication between cells of the immune response

A

cytokines

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6
Q

Chemokines-

A

cytokines that tell WBC to go from the blood to tissues

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7
Q

How Phagocytes degrade microbes:

A

Microbe binds to phagocyte
Phagocyte zips around microbe
Microbe ingested in phagosome
Phagolysosome- ROS and NO kill microbe in phagolysosome

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8
Q

NK cells-

A

nonspecific, kill virus and tumor cells, first responder

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9
Q

Neutrophils/PMN-

A

phagocytose organisms, cause tissue damage in inflammation, first responder

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10
Q

2 first responders

A

NK cells and PMN

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11
Q

Eosinophils-

A

parasites, allergic rxns in skin and airway

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12
Q

Macrophages-

A

Phagocytose and kill intracellular microbes
Kill infected or changed self cells
Help in tissue repair/wound healing
APC

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13
Q

Dendritic cells

A

process antigen and present it to T cells to initiate the adaptive immune response

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14
Q

links adaptive and innate immune system

A

dendritic cell

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15
Q

also make cytokines and phagocytose cells, but MAIN job is antigen presentation

A

dendritic cell

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16
Q

Innate immune response common to all pathogens (know):

A

Phagocytosis and killing of microbes
Antigen presentation
Cytokine production

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17
Q

TLR 2 and 4

A

extracellular/on cell surface; on all cells

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18
Q

TLR 9

A

intracellular

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19
Q

Adjiment-

A

enhance immune response by attaching to TLR and creating pathways in a vaccine

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20
Q

Dendritic cells are immature in periphery and mature once they get to the lymph node (know)

A

Dendritic cells become mature
Pick up an Ag which activates a TLR
Cytokines are made in the LN based on what TLR was activated
Chemokines are secreted into periphery to warn other cells

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21
Q

APC:

A

DC- mainly
Macrophages
B cells

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22
Q

endogenous Ag

A

Ag made in the body during normal metabolism or viral infection
NK cells important
Presented to APC by CD8+T cells
MHC class I

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23
Q

exogenous Ag

A 
Ag enters the body from the environment
Can be inhaled, ingested, or injected
B cells and Ab are important
Ag presented by APC to CD4 + T cells
MHC class II
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24
Q

CD8+T cells are MHC I and recognize

A

cytosolic proteins such as viruses

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25
Q

CD4+T cells are MHC II and recognize

A

extracellular and intravesicular pathogens such as bacteria

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26
Q

Humoral response:

A

Mature B lymphocytes make antibodies

Naive B cells do NOT make antibody

27
Q

what do Antibodies do

A

Neutralize microbes

Enhance phagocytosis via opsonization

28
Q

have a membrane bound IgM and Ig cant be secreted

A

resting or naive b cells

29
Q

Plasma cell

A

secrete Ab; either IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD, IgG

30
Q

wait for 2nd exposure to the Ag and secrete Ig when it encounters it

A

Memory cell

31
Q

In mucosal areas such as the gut, resp tract, urogenital tract
In tears, saliva, and breast milk

A

IgA

32
Q

Majority of Ab
Crosses the placenta
Shows memory/immunity to an infection

A

IgG

33
Q

1st secreted during an active infection
Eliminated early pathogens of B cell mediated immunity before there is enough IgG
Expressed on surface of B cells

A

IgM

34
Q

Antigen receptor on naive B cells

Activated basophils and mast cells to make antimicrobial factors

A

IgD

35
Q

Binds to allergens and triggers histamine to be released from mast cells and basophils
Similar to eosinophil
Protects against parasites

A

IgE

36
Q

IgG types?

A

4

37
Q

Epitope-

A

fragment that binds MHC molecule so TCR can recognize it

38
Q

Immunodominant epitope-

A

epitope where most of the responding T cells are specific, usually the ones that have the highest affinity for binding to MHC

39
Q

Th0-

A

naive; havent seen Ag

40
Q

Th1

A

Promote cell mediated immunity
Mediates delayed hypersensitivity rxns (type 4)
T cells mediated, autoimmunity, graft rejections
Make cytokine INF gamma
Activates macrophages

41
Q

Th2

A 
Promotes humoral immunity
Allergy, Ab mediated autoimmune disease, tolerance
Makes cytokine IL4
Activates B cells to make Ab
Limites inflammatory response
42
Q

Th17

A

Promotes inflammation in autoimmune responses
Secretes IL17
Combats infections and mediates autoimmunity

43
Q

Treg

A

Suppresses immunity
Autoimmune regulation
Contact dependent
Secretes cytokines IL10 and TGF B

44
Q

FAS and FAS ligand causes

A

aopotosis

45
Q

Granzymes-

A

enzymes enter holes and causes apoptosis

46
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Classic allergy
IgE mediated
Immune system responds to harmless antigen from environment
Antigen binds to IgE antibodies on mast cell or basophil. Mast cell or basophil then releases histamine

47
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity examples

A

Allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, drug rx, anaphylactic shock

48
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity

A

Ab and complement mediated
IgM or IgG antibodies bind to antigen covalently bounded on the cell membrane which activate the complement cascade. Then MAC is formed and the cell is destroyed

49
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity examples

A

Hemolytic anemia, ABO transfusions, autoimmune hyperthyroidism

50
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex mediated

Complexes deposited in tissues or vascular endothelium

51
Q

type 3 hypersensitivity examples

A

Authrus, serum sickness, GN, RA, SLE

52
Q

type 4 hypersensitivity

A

Transmitted by immunologically sensitized T cells (CD4 or 8), NOT serum
Starts hours after exposure and lasts days
Mediated by CD4 T cells

53
Q

type 4 hypersensitivity examples

A

Contact hypersensitivity

Tuberculin hypersensitivity

54
Q

Effects of complement:

A

cytolysis, opsonization, chemotaxis, anaphylatoxin, enhancement of Ab production

55
Q

cytolysis

A

C5b, 6, 7, 8,9 insert into bacterial, RBC, or tumor cell membrane and lyse cell

56
Q

Opsonization

A

C3b on phagocytes

57
Q

Chemotaxis

A

C5a and the C5,6,7 complex attract neutrophils

58
Q

Anaphylatoxin

A

C3a, C4a, and C5a degranulate mast cells

59
Q

Enhancement of Ab production

A

C3b binds to activated B cells which makes Ab

60
Q

Deficient in C3b?

A

youll get a lot of pyogenic infections

61
Q

Complement-

A

plasma proteins and cell membrane receptors that mediate host defenses and inflammation

62
Q

End result of complement activation:

A

MAC and target cell death

63
Q

complement pathways

A

Classical pathway- antigen antibody complexes

Alternative- interact with bacteria

microbiology (13 decks)

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