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medically imp bact part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what disease does sprep pneumoniae cause

A

pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, URT infections (otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis)

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2
Q

s pneumoniae characteristics

A

gram +, diplococci, a hemolytic, lysed by bile and deoxychocolate, growth impaired by optochin

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3
Q

how many serotypes of s pneumoniae are there

A

91

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4
Q

staph and strep are motile/nonmotile and do/dont form spores

A

nonmotile, dont

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5
Q

do staph make catalase?

A

yes

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6
Q

do strep make catalase?

A

no

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7
Q

2 most imp human pathogens

A

staph aureus and strep pyogenes

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8
Q

MC and cause the most infectious disease

organisn?

A

s aureus

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9
Q

does staoh aureus secrete catalase

A

yes

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10
Q

does staoh epidermidis and saprophyticus secrete catalase

A

yes

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11
Q

protein A?

A

prevent opsonization and enhance phagocytosis

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12
Q

teichoid acids?

A

mediate adherence

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13
Q

lipotechoic acids

A

induce IL1 and TNF by macrophages

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14
Q

11 serotypes 5 and 8 are the MC

A

polysaccharide capsules

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15
Q

s aureus ferments mannitol?

A

yes

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16
Q

hemolyzes RBC?

A

s aureus

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17
Q

s aureus make catalase?

A

yes

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18
Q

what does catalase do?

A

degrades H2O2 into O2+H20

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19
Q

s aureus make coagulase?

A

yes

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20
Q

what is coagulase?

A

causes plasma to clot by activating prothrombin to form thrombin. thrombin then catalyzes activation of fibrinogen to form fibrin clot

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21
Q

provides hiding place for bacteria

A

coagulase

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22
Q

s aureus staphyloxanthin producer?

A

yes

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23
Q

what is staphyloxanthin ?

A

carotenoid pigment; characteristic gold color

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24
Q

what does staphyloxanthin do?

A

enhance pathogenicity, inactivates microbicidal effect of superoxides and other ROS with neutrophils

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25
Q

does s aureus make beta lactamase?

A

yes

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26
Q

what does beta lactamase do

A

degrade beta lactam ATB

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27
Q

what are beta lactam ATB?

A

drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

  1. drug binds to PBP
  2. inhibit cross linking so cell wall synthesis can occur
  3. enzymes cause bacterial cell wall to lysis
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28
Q

drugs resistant to beta lactamase

A

methicillin and nafcillin

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29
Q

drugs that inhibit beta lactamase

A

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

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30
Q

key determinant for MRSA

A

PBP2a

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31
Q

MCC skin abscesses in the US

A

MRSA

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32
Q

what causes pneumonia, NF, and sepsis

A

MRSA

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33
Q

MCC of infections in IV drug users

A

MRSA

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34
Q

where does s aureus colonize

A

nasal cavity, skin, vagina, formites

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35
Q

immune compromise, red humoral immunity, neutrophil deficiency, DM, IV drug use, FB

A

risk factors for s aureus

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36
Q

2 disease mechanisms for s aureus

A

toxin production and pyogenic inflammation

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37
Q

typical lesion of s aureus

A

abscess: central necrosis and pus

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38
Q

heat resistant, resistant to low pH, resistant to GI enzymes, acts as superantigen

A

enterotoxin

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39
Q

serotonin secretion by enterochromaffin cellsstimulates enteric NS to activate ______

A

vomiting center

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40
Q

causes of TSST?

A

tampon, nasal packing, contraceptive devices, post op wound infections

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41
Q

blood cultures neg for s aureus

A

tsst

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42
Q

tsst acts as a _____

A

superantigen

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43
Q

exfoliatin toxin

A

protease that cleaves desmoglein causing desquamation and scalded skin syndrome

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44
Q

exfoliatin A and B

A

causes bollous impetigo

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45
Q

pore forming toxin and important virulence factor with CA MRSA

A

P-V leucocidin

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46
Q

MCC of skin and soft tissue infection

47
Q

septicemia

A

s aureus bacteremia gets in the blood and causes metastatic abscesses

48
Q

can we use a vaccine with s aureus?

A

no; wash hands, clean, aseptic management, persistent colonization
remove shedders from high risk areas like ORs and newborn nurseries

49
Q

do s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus make catalase?

50
Q

do s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus make coagulase

51
Q

do s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus make staphyloxanthan

52
Q

do s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus have protein A

53
Q

do s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus ferment mannitol

54
Q

s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus are ____ hemolytic

55
Q

where is s epidermidis located

A

human skin

56
Q

enters blood from catheters and prosthetics

A

s epidermidis

57
Q

can cause peritonitis in renal failure

A

s epidermidis

58
Q

MC organism causing CSF shunt infections

A

s epidermidis

59
Q

can causes sepsis in neonate

A

s epidermidis

60
Q

highly ATB resistant

A

s epidermidis

61
Q

vaccine for s epidermidis

62
Q

hospital acquired

A

s epidermidis

63
Q

where is s saprophyticus located

A

mucosa of genital tract in young women

64
Q

s saprophyticus trmt?

65
Q

CA

A

s saprophyticus

66
Q

s epidermidis is _____ to novobiocin

67
Q

s saprophyticus is ____ to novobiocin

68
Q

strep is catalase _____

69
Q

2 important antigens of beta hemolytic strep

A

C carbohydrate and M protein

70
Q

most imp virulence factor of s pyogenes

71
Q

what eos M protein do in streptococci

A

blocks phagocytosis and inactibates C3b

72
Q

over 100 serotypes

73
Q

group A beta hemolytic strep has _____ in its cell wall

A

s pyogenes

74
Q

group B beta hemolytic strep has _____ in its cell wall

A

s galactiae

75
Q

group D beta hemolytic strep has _____ in its cell wall

A

enterococci

76
Q

MC bacteria cause of pharyngitis

77
Q

what does bacitracin do to GAS

A

inhibits growth

78
Q

s pyogenes is found on________

A

skin and oropharynx

79
Q

how does GAS cause disease

A

pyogenic inflammation, exotoxin production, autoimmune inflammation

80
Q

hyaluronidase aka spreading factor

A

degreades hyaluronic acid and breaks down CT

81
Q

facilitates rapid spread of s pyogenes in skin infections

A

hyaluronidase

82
Q

streptokinase is aka

A

fibrinolysin

83
Q

streptokinase?

A

dissolves fibrin in clots

84
Q

DNAse?

A

hydrolyzes DNA in exudates or necrotic tissue

85
Q

IgG degrading enzyme

A

cleaves IgG heavy chains and prevents opsonization and complement activation

86
Q

toxin in GAS?

A

erythrogenic or pyogenic toxins

87
Q

sandpaper or strawberry tongue assoc with scarlet fever

88
Q

antistreptolysin O autoantibody aids in dx of

89
Q

flesh eating bacteria is from

A

exotoxin b

90
Q

GAS pyogenic diseases

A

pharyngitis, cellulitis, nonbollous empetigo

91
Q

GAS toxigenicdiseases

A

scarlet fever and TTS

92
Q

GAS immunologic diseases

A

RF and acute GN

93
Q

where does GBS colonize

A

genital tract on women

94
Q

GBS is bacitracin

95
Q

can GBC hydrolyze hippurate

96
Q

this can cause neonatal menintis and sepsis and pneumonia

97
Q

this can cause rupture of the membranes in neonates

A

group b strep

98
Q

most group D strep are ____ hemolytic

99
Q

tell me about enterococci (e faecalis and enterococcus faecium)

A

in colon, grow in hypertonic saline and bile, not sensitive to PCN G, combination ATB needed, vancomycin used

100
Q

vancomycin can lead to

A

VRE- life threatening

101
Q

enterococci and nonenterococci are a part of group ___ strep

102
Q

what types of disases can group D strep cause

A

uti and endocarditis

103
Q

s bovis causes ____ and is associated with ____

A

endocarditis and colonic carcinoma

104
Q

2 types of nonbeta hemolytic strep

A

s pneumoniae and viridans

105
Q

how are the 2 types of non beta hemolytic strep distinguished

A

bile and optochin

106
Q

are strep viridans bile soluble? pneumococci?

A

viridans- not

pneumococci- are

107
Q

are strep viridans inhibited by optochin? pneumococci?

A

viridans- not

pneumococci- are

108
Q

what are dental caries

A

plaque with high levels of s mutans

109
Q

what do s mutans do

A

enters dentine/pulp and make acid that destroy tooth enamel

110
Q

what can untreated dental carries cause

A

tooth loss and abscesses

111
Q

MC preventable chronic disaes in children 6-11 and adolescents 12-19

A

dental carries

112
Q

leading cause of tooth loss in kids under 12

A

dental carries

113
Q

tooth decay is ___ times MC than asthma

microbiology (13 decks)

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