Microbial Metabolism (7) Flashcards
1
Q
Anabolism
A
- build-up
- product is large molecules
- photosynthesis
- enzyme mediation
- endergonic
2
Q
Catabolism
A
- break down
- product is small molecules
- glycolysis, krebs
- enzyme mediation
- exergonic
3
Q
types of pathways
A
- branched
- linear
- cyclic
4
Q
substrate-level phosphorylation
A
- substrate passes phosphate
- only 4 ATP produced
5
Q
oxidative phosphorylation
A
- produced in electron transport chain
- REDOX
- gradient
- makes most ATP (28)
6
Q
redox
A
- transfer of electrons from donor to acceptor
- NAD+ is oxidized
- NADH is reduced
7
Q
enzymes: functions
A
- catalyze reactions
- inhibition
- substrate is the reacting molecule
8
Q
noncompetitive inhibition
A
- binds at inactive site to alter active site so competitive inhibitor can bind
9
Q
allosteric regulation
A
- catalytic/active site
- regulatory site/where allosteric regulator binds
10
Q
amphibolic pathways (2 pathways)
A
- TCA
- glycolysis
11
Q
aerobic respiration: function and pathways
A
- catabolizes organic energy source to CO2
- glycolytic pathways
- PDC and TCA
- electron transport chain
12
Q
glycolytic pathways: general facts
A
- occurs in cytoplasmic matrix
- doesn’t depend on oxygen
- 2 phases
13
Q
glycolysis: 6 carbon phase
A
- 2 ATP in
- glucose-6-carbon in
- fructose 1,6-biphosphate out
14
Q
glycolysis: 3 carbon phase
A
branched (happens on both sides)
- fructose 1,6 biphosphate in
- G3P out
- NADH and ATP out
15
Q
glycolysis: investment
A
- 1 glucose
- 2 ATP
- 2 NAD+
16
Q
glycolysis: outcome
A
- 2 pyruvate
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
17
Q
entner-doudoroff pathway: general facts
A
- used by many bacteria
- G3P can be further catabolized
18
Q
entner-doudoroff pathway: investment
A
- 1 glucose
- 1 NADH+
- 1 ATP
19
Q
entner-doudoroff pathway: outcome
A
- 1 pyruvate
- 1 G3P
- 1 NADPH
- -1 ATP
20
Q
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: investment
A
1 pyruvate
21
Q
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: outcome
A
- 1 CO2
- 1 NADH
- 1 Acetyl CoA
22
Q
TCA cycle: Acetyl CoA
A
- 3 NADH
- 1 FADH2
- 1 ATP
- 2 CO2
23
Q
TCA cycle: pyruvate
A
- 4 NADH
- 1 FADH2
- 1 ATP
- 3 CO2
24
Q
electron transport chain: general facts
A
- electron carriers
- located in membranes
- produces most ATP
25
mitochondrial ETC: general facts
- electrons passed along chain
- gradient
- proton-powered ATP synthase
26
mitochondrial ETC: complexes I, III, IV
pumps that send protons into intermembrane space
27
mitochondrial ETC: CytC and Q
move things along
28
mitochondrial ETC: complex II
- FADH2 donation site
29
mitochondrial ETC: FADH2
makes 6 protons
30
mitochondrial ETC: NADH
makes 10 protons
31
protons to ATP
4 protons make 1 ATP
32
bacterial ETC: general facts
- only 3 complexes
- CH3OH donates to CytC
33
oxidative phosphorylation: chemiosmotic hypothesis
- ETC is organized so protons move out
- expulsion gradient
34
oxidative phosphorylation: ATP synthase
F1: ATP production
F0: proton entry site
- uses motive force
35
oxidative phosphorylation: yield
- 4 protons make 1 ATP
- 1 NADH moves 10 H+ = 2.5 ATP
- 1 FADH2 moves 6 H+ = 1.5 ATP
- total: 4 substrate-level, 28 oxidative
