Microbial Metabolism (7)

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

• build-up
• product is large molecules
• photosynthesis
• enzyme mediation
• endergonic

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

• break down
• product is small molecules
• glycolysis, krebs
• enzyme mediation
• exergonic

Question 3

types of pathways

Answer 3

• branched
• linear
• cyclic

Question 4

substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 4

• substrate passes phosphate
• only 4 ATP produced

Question 5

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 5

• produced in electron transport chain
• REDOX
• gradient
• makes most ATP (28)

Question 6

redox

Answer 6

• transfer of electrons from donor to acceptor
• NAD+ is oxidized
• NADH is reduced

Question 7

enzymes: functions

Answer 7

• catalyze reactions
• inhibition
• substrate is the reacting molecule

Question 8

noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 8

• binds at inactive site to alter active site so competitive inhibitor can bind

Question 9

allosteric regulation

Answer 9

• catalytic/active site
• regulatory site/where allosteric regulator binds

Question 10

amphibolic pathways (2 pathways)

Answer 10

1. TCA
2. glycolysis

Question 11

aerobic respiration: function and pathways

Answer 11

• catabolizes organic energy source to CO2
  
  • glycolytic pathways
  • PDC and TCA
  • electron transport chain

Question 12

glycolytic pathways: general facts

Answer 12

• occurs in cytoplasmic matrix
• doesn’t depend on oxygen
• 2 phases

Question 13

glycolysis: 6 carbon phase

Answer 13

• 2 ATP in
• glucose-6-carbon in
• fructose 1,6-biphosphate out

Question 14

glycolysis: 3 carbon phase

Answer 14

branched (happens on both sides)
- fructose 1,6 biphosphate in
- G3P out
- NADH and ATP out

Question 15

glycolysis: investment

Answer 15

• 1 glucose
• 2 ATP
• 2 NAD+

Question 16

glycolysis: outcome

Answer 16

• 2 pyruvate
• 2 ATP
• 2 NADH

Question 17

entner-doudoroff pathway: general facts

Answer 17

• used by many bacteria
• G3P can be further catabolized

Question 18

entner-doudoroff pathway: investment

Answer 18

• 1 glucose
• 1 NADH+
• 1 ATP

Question 19

entner-doudoroff pathway: outcome

Answer 19

• 1 pyruvate
• 1 G3P
• 1 NADPH
• -1 ATP

Question 20

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: investment

Answer 20

1 pyruvate

Question 21

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: outcome

Answer 21

• 1 CO2
• 1 NADH
• 1 Acetyl CoA

Question 22

TCA cycle: Acetyl CoA

Answer 22

• 3 NADH
• 1 FADH2
• 1 ATP
• 2 CO2

Question 23

TCA cycle: pyruvate

Answer 23

• 4 NADH
• 1 FADH2
• 1 ATP
• 3 CO2

Question 24

electron transport chain: general facts

Answer 24

• electron carriers
• located in membranes
• produces most ATP

Question 25

mitochondrial ETC: general facts

Answer 25

• electrons passed along chain
• gradient
• proton-powered ATP synthase

Question 26

mitochondrial ETC: complexes I, III, IV

Answer 26

pumps that send protons into intermembrane space

Question 27

mitochondrial ETC: CytC and Q

Answer 27

move things along

Question 28

mitochondrial ETC: complex II

Answer 28

• FADH2 donation site

Question 29

mitochondrial ETC: FADH2

Answer 29

makes 6 protons

Question 30

mitochondrial ETC: NADH

Answer 30

makes 10 protons

Question 31

protons to ATP

Answer 31

4 protons make 1 ATP

Question 32

bacterial ETC: general facts

Answer 32

• only 3 complexes
• CH3OH donates to CytC

Question 33

oxidative phosphorylation: chemiosmotic hypothesis

Answer 33

• ETC is organized so protons move out
• expulsion gradient

Question 34

oxidative phosphorylation: ATP synthase

Answer 34

F1: ATP production
F0: proton entry site
- uses motive force

Question 35

oxidative phosphorylation: yield

Answer 35

• 4 protons make 1 ATP
  
  • 1 NADH moves 10 H+ = 2.5 ATP
  • 1 FADH2 moves 6 H+ = 1.5 ATP
• total: 4 substrate-level, 28 oxidative