bergey's manual

Question 1

volume 1 phyla

Answer 1

deinococcus-thermus: radiation-resistant
cyanobacteria: photosynthetic, multicellular

Question 2

volume 2: phylum and classes

Answer 2

phylum pseudomonadota/proteobacteria
5 classes: alpha - epsilon

Question 3

vol 2, alphaproteobacteria types

Answer 3

rickettsia and agrobacterium

Question 4

rickettsia

Answer 4

volume 2 alphaproteobacteria
- extremely small, non-flagellated
- parasitic or mutualistic
- vector transmission

Question 5

rickettsia prowazekii disease

Answer 5

typhus

Question 6

rickettsia prowazekii transmission

Answer 6

lice or flea vector

Question 7

rickettsia prowazekii clinical manifestations

Answer 7

fever, rash

Question 8

rickettsia rickettsii disease

Answer 8

rocky mountain spotted fever

Question 9

rickettsia rickettsii transmission

Answer 9

wood tick (west), dog tick (east)

Question 10

rickettsia rickettsii clinical manifestations

Answer 10

headache, high fever, rash

Question 11

rickettsia rickettsii treatment and prevention

Answer 11

• antibiotics
• tick control

Question 12

rickettsia rickettsii tissue tropism

Answer 12

endothelial cells

Question 13

agrobacterium

Answer 13

volume 2 alphaproteobacteria
- plant pathogen that invades crowns and roots
- Ti plasmid incorporated into plant DNA, overproduces phytohormone
- manifests as galls

Question 14

volume 2 betaproteobacteria genus

Answer 14

neisseria and bordetella

Question 15

neisseria

Answer 15

volume 2 betaproteobacteria
- nonmotile, aerobic, diplococci with capsules and pili
- never fully undergo cytokinesis

Question 16

n. gonorrheae transmission

Answer 16

contact with mucus membranes of genitourinary tract

Question 17

n. gonorrheae clinical manifestations

Answer 17

male: urethral discharge, painful urination
female: vaginal discharge, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and/or sterility

Question 18

n. gonorrheae incubation

Answer 18

2-5 days

Question 19

bacterial meningitis transmission

Answer 19

respiratory droplets

Question 20

bacterial meningitis clinical manifestations

Answer 20

vomiting, headache, confusion, neck and back stiffness

Question 21

bacterial meningitis tissue tropism

Answer 21

inflammation of brain and spinal cord meninges

Question 22

bordetella

Answer 22

volume 2 betaproteobacteria
- gram negative coccobacilli, some with capsules
- multiplication in respiratory epithelium

Question 23

b. pertussis disease

Answer 23

whooping cough

Question 24

b. pertussis transmission

Answer 24

droplet inhalation
highly contagious

Question 25

b. pertussis toxins

Answer 25

AB toxin/pertussis toxin: paralyses cilia cells, destroys epithelium

Question 26

b. pertussis prevention

Answer 26

toxoid vaccine

Question 27

b. bronchiseptica disease

Answer 27

kennel cough

Question 28

volume 2 gammaproteobacteria

Answer 28

genus legionella, pseudomonas order vibrionales, enterobacteriales

Question 29

L. pneumophilia disease

Answer 29

Legionnare's disease

Question 30

L. pneumophilia transmission

Answer 30

aerosolized particles, airborne

Question 31

L. pneumophilia treatment

Answer 31

antibiotics

Question 32

p. aeruginosa

Answer 32

major plant and animal pathogen gram negative rod, motile

Question 33

p. aeruginosa treatment

Answer 33

topical antibiotic - common in nails, burn victims

Question 34

vibrio cholerae disease

Answer 34

cholera

Question 35

vibrio cholerae transmission

Answer 35

very virulent

Question 36

vibrio cholerae clinical manifestations

Answer 36

massive water loss (1 L/hr)

Question 37

vibrio cholerae treatment

Answer 37

oral rehydration, IV fluids

Question 38

vibrio cholerae prevention

Answer 38

vaccination

Question 39

enterobacteria

Answer 39

volume 2 order of class gammaproteobacteria - 44 genera - glucose positive rods

Question 40

E. coli diseases

Answer 40

gastroenteritis, UTIs

Question 41

E. coli tissue tropism

Answer 41

intestinal tract

Question 42

salmonellosis strains

Answer 42

over 2000 strains of salmonella enterica

Question 43

salmonellosis transmission

Answer 43

contaminated foods

Question 44

salmonellosis incubation

Answer 44

8-48 hours

Question 45

salmonellosis toxin

Answer 45

enterotoxin

Question 46

s. dysenteriae disease

Answer 46

dysentery

Question 47

s. dysenteriae transmission

Answer 47

food, fecal-oral

Question 48

s. dysenteriae toxins

Answer 48

shiga endo and exotoxins

Question 49

s. dysenteriae bacteria type

Answer 49

gram negative, non-sporeforming

Question 50

yersinia pestis genus

Answer 50

shigellosis

Question 51

yersinia pestis disease

Answer 51

plague

Question 52

yersinia pestis transmission

Answer 52

rat flea vector, rodent reservoir

Question 53

yersinia pestis clinical manifestations

Answer 53

enlarged lymph nodes

Question 54

yersinia pestis tissue tropism

Answer 54

blood and lymph biofilm created within flea

Question 55

yersinia pestis treatment

Answer 55

antibiotics

Question 56

yersinia pestis secretion and toxins

Answer 56

type III secretion - injectisome endotoxin - LPS toxic when lysed

Question 57

volume 2 deltaproteobacteria

Answer 57

bdellovibriio and myxobacteria

Question 58

bdellovibrio

Answer 58

aerobic, gram negative, motile, curved rods predatory cycle

Question 59

myxobacteria

Answer 59

gram negative, gliding rods complex life cycle

Question 60

myxobacteria life cycle

Answer 60

vegetative growth fruiting: vegetative to aggregate to fruiting body to myxospore

Question 61

volume 2 epsilonproteobacteria

Answer 61

order campylobacteriales

Question 62

campylobacter jejuni clinical manifestation

Answer 62

enteritis diarrhea

Question 63

h. pylori disease

Answer 63

peptic ulcer disease

Question 64

h. pylori tissue tropism

Answer 64

gastric cells

Question 65

h. pylori toxins

Answer 65

urease production toxin causes ulcers

Question 66

volume 3 bacteria characteristics

Answer 66

low G and C gram positive

Question 67

volume 3 phylum

Answer 67

firmicutes

Question 68

class mollicutes (mycoplasma)

Answer 68

smallest, lack cell wall

Question 69

mycoplasmic pneumoniae disease

Answer 69

pneumonia

Question 70

mycoplasmic pneumoniae tissue tropism

Answer 70

bronchial epithelium

Question 71

mycoplasmic pneumoniae treatment

Answer 71

tetracyclines - no penicillin b/c no cell wall

Question 72

class clostridia

Answer 72

largest genus: clostridium anaerobic endosporeformers

Question 73

c. botulinum disease

Answer 73

botulism

Question 74

c. botulinum transmission types

Answer 74

- foodborne - infant: spore ingestion, usually in honey - wound: wound site

Question 75

c. botulinum toxin

Answer 75

AB exotoxin: neurotoxin (botulin) blocks release of acetylcholine, preventing muscle contraction

Question 76

c. tetani disease

Answer 76

tetanus

Question 77

c. tetani transmission

Answer 77

wound entry

Question 78

c. tetani clinical manifestations

Answer 78

trismus: lockjaw opisthotonus: bowed back risus sardonicus: forced smile

Question 79

c. tetani treatment

Answer 79

muscle relaxants, antibiotics, dark quiet room

Question 80

c. tetani secretion

Answer 80

tetanospasmin: causes prolonged muscle spasms

Question 81

c. perfringens disease

Answer 81

gas gangrene - necrotizing skeletal muscle infection - 10 minute generation

Question 82

c. perfringens toxins

Answer 82

a-toxin: phospholipase collagenase: breaks down collagen

Question 83

class bacilli

Answer 83

genus bacillus motile, aerobic, catalase positive, endospore-formers

Question 84

b. anthracis disease

Answer 84

anthrax

Question 85

b. anthracis transmission types

Answer 85

cutaneous: open wound entry, most common/least deadly pulmonary: inhalation GI: consumption

Question 86

b. anthracis toxin

Answer 86

AB exotoxin from plasma

Question 87

genus staphylococcus

Answer 87

anaerobic, nonmotile, cocci, irregular clusters virulence: exotoxins, capsules

Question 88

lesions: superficial folliculitis

Answer 88

scalded skin syndrome

Question 89

lesions: carbuncle

Answer 89

deep folliculitis

Question 90

lesions: furuncle

Answer 90

boil

Question 91

s. aureus w/ toxin disease

Answer 91

toxic shock syndrome

Question 92

toxic shock clinical manifestations

Answer 92

low BP, circulatory collapse, shock, organ failure

Question 93

genus streptococcus

Answer 93

mesophilic, anaerobic cocci

Question 94

s. pyogenes NIPPLES

Answer 94

necrotizing fasciitis, impetigo, pneumonia, pharyngitis, lymphangitis, erysipelas, scarlet fever

Question 95

strep throat transmission

Answer 95

saliva, nasal secretions

Question 96

necrotizing fasciitis clinical manifestations

Answer 96

inflammation, muscle and fat destruction

Question 97

necrotizing fasciitis toxins

Answer 97

A: superantigen B: tissue breakdown

Question 98

necrotizing fasciitis treatment

Answer 98

surgical removal

Question 99

volume 4 characteristics

Answer 99

gram positive, high % of G and C, aerobic

Question 100

genus micrococcus

Answer 100

volume 4 pigmented, may protect against UV light

Question 101

genus corynebacterium shape

Answer 101

bacillus or vibrio

Question 102

c. diptheriae disease

Answer 102

diptheria

Question 103

c. diptheriae toxins

Answer 103

AB exotoxin pseudomembrane: food, bacteria, human cells

Question 104

c. diptheriae transmission

Answer 104

airborne

Question 105

genus mycobacterium

Answer 105

bacillus, vibrio, catalase positive, aerobic slow growing, long incubation

Question 106

m. tuberculosis clinical manifestations

Answer 106

cough, fever, fatigue tubercles: hard lumps that form in lungs when macrophages try to remove them multi-drug resistant strains

Question 107

m. leprae disease

Answer 107

leprosy

Question 108

m. leprae transmission

Answer 108

nasal secretions

Question 109

m. leprae incubation

Answer 109

3-5 years

Question 110

m. leprae clinical manifestations

Answer 110

skin cell death, loss of features, limbs, etc.

Question 111

m. leprae treatment

Answer 111

long-term antibiotics, drug therapy

Question 112

genus propionibacterium

Answer 112

p. shermanii: holes in swiss cheese p. acne: acne, body odor

Question 113

volume 5 phyla

Answer 113

phylumchlamydia phylum spirochetes

Question 114

phylumchlamydia characteristics

Answer 114

nonmotile, gram negative cocci with small genome

Question 115

c. trachomatis disease

Answer 115

chlamydia

Question 116

phylum spirochetes characteristics

Answer 116

slender, long, flexible helical shape, motile

Question 117

treponema pallidum diseases

Answer 117

venereal and congenital syphilis

Question 118

venereal syphilis stages

Answer 118

1: chancre (small, painless) ~4 weeks 2: variable skin rash, followed by latent stage 3: gummas (painful), delirium

Question 119

venereal syphilis treatment

Answer 119

antibiotics more effective in early stages

Question 120

congenital syphilis transmission

Answer 120

crosses placenta

Question 121

congenital syphilis clinical manifestations

Answer 121

Hutchinson's triad (deaf, blind, curved teeth)

Question 122

borrella burgdorferi disease

Answer 122

lyme disease

Question 123

lyme disease stages

Answer 123

localized: bullseye rash, spotted rash, flu-like symptoms disseminated: joint pain, Bells' Palsy Late: years later, neuron damage and arthritis

Question 124

tick life cycle

Answer 124

egg (late spring) hatch into larva nymph, adult (next spring)

Question 125

lyme disease in ticks

Answer 125

larva: spread to birds, small mammals nymphs: cause disease adults: only females cause disease