Microbial Metabolism Flashcards
Energy-releasing processes (breakdown)
catabolism
Energy-using processes (building)
anabolism
The substance oxidized in a redox rxn (fuel)
Electron donor
The substance being reduced in a redox rxn (high energy e- carriers)
Electron acceptors
NAD+ is reduced to ___
NADH
FAD is reduced to ___
FADH2
OIL RIG
Oxidation Is Loss
Reduction Is Gain
T/F: ATP can be stored in cells for long periods of time
FALSE it needs to be used quickly and constantly needs to be synthesized
How is energy released from ATP?
when the bond holding the last phosphate group on the molecule is broken
What does a broken ATP produce?
ADP (adenosine phosphate)
a free phosphate group
What is the terminal e- acceptor in respiration?
O2
When does fermentation occur?
when there is little to no O2
When does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?
during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
When does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
only when terminal e- is present
Phosphorylases
removes a phosphate from ATP
Kinases
adds a phosphate to ATP
What does the proton motive force power?
the conversion of ADP and P to ATP
What are the two energy conservation methods linked to chemoorganotrophs?
fermentation & respiration
How is ATP produced in fermentation?
substrate-level phosphorylation
How is ATP produced in respiration?
oxidative phosphorylation
What does glycolysis oxidize?
glucose to pyruvate for ATP
What does the oxidation of pyruvate produce?
Acetyl-CoA
2 NADH
How does the redox potential generated by glycolysis and the TCA produce ATP?
The potential is utilized by the electron transport system to generate a proton gradient which is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP
How many ATP molecules does respiration using glucose produce?
38
How many ATP molecules does fermentation using glucose produce?
2
Fermentation reduces _____ to an end product to regenerate _____
- pyruvate
- NAD+
Which process method of glucose produces more ATP?
respiration
What does glycolysis produce?
4 ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules
(net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules)
How many ATP does glycolysis need to start?
2
