Chapter 1: Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards
He published Micrographia in 1665
Coined the word cell afetr observing cork
Robert Hooke
He used hand lenses to look at cloth
suggested maggots arose from eggs in the decaying material
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Used meat in jar experiments to initially disprove spontaneous generation
Francesco Redi
Performed experiments that further disproved spontaneous generation
led to sterilization techniques for science, medicine, and food preservation
discovered microbial basis of fermentation
Louis Pasteur
What was spontaneous generation?
The belief that microbes could arise without parent organisms
What was germ theory?
some diseases are caused by microorganisms that have gained access to the human body
What experiment disproved spontaneous generation
Pastuer’s swan neck flasks
What hygienic practice caused death rates to drop?
Hand washing with chlorinated water
Discovered the causative agent of anthrax
Developed pure culture techniques by adding gelatin to his broth
Robert Koch
What is Koch’s first postulate?
The microbe is found in all cases of the disease but is absent from healthy individuals.
What is Koch’s second postulate?
The microbe is isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
What is Koch’s third postulate?
When the microbe is introduced to a healthy susceptible host, the host shows that same disease
What is Koch’s fourth postulate?
The same strain of microbe is obtained from the newly diseased host. When cultured the strain shows the same characteristics as before.
Who discovered Salvarsan that cures syphilis?
Paul Erich
Who’s observations led to the development of penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
When examining the evolution of life on Earth, scientist find the eukaryotes are more similar to the kingdom _____________ at the genetic level.
Archaea
Evolutionary relationships between organisms deduced through the comparison their genetic material.
Phylogeny
True or False: All cellular microorganisms are prokaryotic cells.
FALSE
LUCA
Last Universal Common Ancestor
True or False: Viruses are cellular organisms
FALSE
Single-celled protozoa and algae are classified as
Protista
Nomenclature of organisms includes:
- genus
- specific epithet
What part of an organism name is italicized?
The genus and species name
Two different types of cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles and Prokaryotic cells do not
