Microbial Genetics Part 2 Flashcards
What are the 4 ways that bacteria get genetic variation ?
Mutations
Transduction
Transformation
Conjugation
What does genetic transfer mean?
Movement of genetic information between organisms
When does genetic transfer occur in eukaryotes?
During fertilization of an egg
When does genetic transfer occur in prokaryotes ? However when it does happened??
It doesn’t happened
It isn’t needed
- dna is transferred from a donor to a recipient cell
What does genetic recombination mean?
Combining genes (DNA) from two different dna molecules
( donor cell and recipient cell pretty much )
What is the donor cell doing in genetic transfer ?
Giving up dna
What is the recipient cell doing in genetic transfer?
Receives the DNA
When new DNA combines with the host DNA ( already, personal dna ), what is it called?
Genetic recombination
What’s the 4 steps of genetic recombination?
- DNA from one cells sees that they can pair
- DNA donor joins together with DNA recipient
- they join by recA protein catalyzes
- recipient has its own dna and donor dna now
What are the 3 methods genetic transfer in bacteria?
- transformation
- transduction
- conjugation
What’s the end result for all of the 3 methods of dna transfer ?
Gaining a new gene
What does transformation mean ?
Getting a new gene by naked dna ( free floating dna )
What does naked dna mean in transformation, genetic transfer ?
Free floating dna in the environment
What is Frederick Griffith known for and what year did he discover it?
Transformation, 1928
What was Frederick Griffith experiment on? And what disease ?
On rats
Using streptococcus pneumonia
What are the 3 steps to genetic transformation?
- recipient cell takes donor dna
- donor dna aligns with complementary bases
- recombination occurs between donor dna and recipient dna
What is the end result and gain what for transformation ( genetic transfer )?
Gaining a new gene
Through the use of naked dna
( free floating dna in the environment )
What is conjugation ?
The direct cell to cell contact through a plasmid that makes a new gene
What is the F plasmid ( f factor )? And causes what to occur?
Fertility sex pilus, what causes conjugation to occur
What’s another name for f plasmid ?
Donor, male, F+ and F factor
What’s another name for F- cell?
Recipient, female, f-
What’s another name for sex pilus?
Conjugation pilus
What does the sex pilus allow?
The direct cell to cell contact