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Microbiology Exam 2 > Fungi Part 2 > Flashcards

Fungi Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Can fungi reproduce sexually and asexually spores?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What are the 2 ways that molds reproduce?

A

Asexual
Sporulation

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3
Q

What is the asexual reproduction for Molds?

A

Fragmentation of hyphae

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4
Q

What is the sporulation for molds?

A

Sexual or asexual spores
Depend on species
( fungal spores are not as resistant as bacterial endospores and reproductive structures )

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5
Q

Are fungal spores more resistant than bacterial Endospores?

A

No

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6
Q

How do asexual spores work?

A

Formed from one organism & can grow to become a be identical organism

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7
Q

How do sexual spores work?

A

Formed from the fusion of nuclei of 2 different types of strains from the same species of fungi

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8
Q

How are asexual spore formed on for molds?

A

Aerial hyphae

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9
Q

How are asexual spores produced?

A

Mitosis & cell division

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10
Q

Are asexual spores more common than sexual spores?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What are the 2 major asexual spores?

A

Conidiospores
Sporangiospores

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12
Q

What is conidiospores?

A

Spores not enclosed in a sac
( 4 different kinds are found in fungi )

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13
Q

What is sporangiospores?

A

Spores formed in a sporangium sac
( 1 kind of fungi )

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14
Q

What are the 4 conidiospores ( for molds & asexual spore formation )

A

Arthroconidia
Chlamydoconidia
Conidia
Blastoconidia

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15
Q

What is the advantage of asexual formation?

A

Fast & easy & survives alone

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16
Q

What is the disadvantage of asexual spores?

A

No variation

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17
Q

What is the 1 kind of fungi that’s sporangiospores? ( for molds & asexual reproduction )

A

Sporangiospores

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18
Q

What is arthroconidia?

A

Formed by fragmentation of septate hyphae into single cells

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19
Q

What is chlamydoconidia?

A

Thick walled spores formed by rounding & enlargement of hyphal segment
- candidia Albicans

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20
Q

What is conidia?

A

Unicellular or multicellular big enclosed in a sac
- produced in chains at the end of a condiophore
( aspergillus )

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21
Q

What is blastoconidia?

A

Consists of a bud coming off a parent cell
( cryptococuss )

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22
Q

What is spirangiospores?

A
  • only ones found in a sac
  • formed at the end of a sporangiosphore
    ( rhizopus )
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23
Q

Why are bacterial endospores not reproductive structures while fungal spores are reproductive structures?

A

Fungal spores - reproductive
Bacterial spores - resistant structures

Endospores
- only make 1 cell
- but not increasing amount of cells

Fungal spores
- making more than 1 cells ( increasing the number of offsprings )

24
Q

How does asexual spores help us?

A

Indentifying fungi

25
Q

What is the 3 steps for sexual spores?

A

Plasmogamy
Karyogamy
Meiosis

26
Q

What does plasmogamy do?

A

A haploid nucleus (+) penetrates
Cytoplasms of a recipient (-)

27
Q

What does karyogamy do?

A

The (+) and (-) fuse to form a diploid zygote nucleus

28
Q

What meiosis do?

A

Diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid spores

29
Q

How many different kinds of sexual spores (4)

A

Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Microsporidia

30
Q

Why is the main join for sexual spores?

A

To classify which spores goes into what family

31
Q

What is zygomycota?

A

Produce zygomycota
Coenicytic hyphae
Saprophytic molds
Rhizopus; black mold

32
Q

What is ascomycota

A

Produce ascospores
Produced in an ascus
Septate hyphae
Sac fungi

33
Q

What is basidiomycota?

A

Produce basidiospores
Septate hyphae
Club fungi
Mushrooms

34
Q

What is Microsporidia?

A

Unusual, no mitochondria
Obligate intracellular parasites
Important in infections seems in aids patients

35
Q

What is fungal diseases( another name)

A

Mycosis or mycotic diseases

36
Q

What are fungal diseases usually are?

A

Usually chronic infections / diseases
Usually grow slowly

37
Q

What are the 5 fungal diseases?

A

Systemic
Subcutaneous
Cutaneous
Superficial
Opportunistic

38
Q

What is systemic ? And how it works?

A

Found deep in the body
( Effect number of tissues and organs )
- inhalation of spores
( histoplasmosis & coccidiomycosis )

39
Q

What is subcutaneous ? And how it works?

A

Beneath the skin
( direct implantation of spores )

40
Q

What is cutaneous or dermetophytes? And how it works?

A

Infect epidermis, hair and nails
- transmitted from human to human by direct contact
( contagious mycoses )

41
Q

How do we get rid of cutaneous infections?

A

Antifungal drugs destroy the ergosterols in fungal cells

42
Q

What are the 3 dermatomycosis? And what are they?

A

Microsporum - hair and skin
Trichophyton - hair, skin and nails
Epidermophytin - skin and nails

43
Q

What are the most famous cutaneous fungal infection?

A

Ringworm and athletes foot

44
Q

What causes ringworm or athlete foot?

A

Tinea

45
Q

How do you treat tinea or ringworm?

A

Miconazole creams

46
Q

What is superficial?

A

Found on hair shafts and superficial epidermis cells, tropical climates

47
Q

What is opportunistic ?

A

Usually harmless in normal healthy people but are harmful for immunocompromised individuals

48
Q

What is the famous opportunistic fungal ?

A

Candida albicans ( thrush ) (vulvovaginitis)

49
Q

What is thrush and where is it found?

A

Candida albicans

Found in mucous membranes ( mouth and genitalia )

50
Q

How do you get thrush?

A

Simply through it overgrown in our bodies, we all have it but in small portions but sometimes it overgrown, and some ways it does is by

-causes
- antibiotics
- immunosuppression
- pregnancy

51
Q

How does thrush look like?

A

White, itchy and painful lesions

52
Q

Who gets thrush most often?

A

Babies (diaper rash)
Aids patients

53
Q

How do we treat thrush?

A

Antifungal topical applications of miconazole, clotrimazole & nystatin

54
Q

What is PCP?

A

Pneumocysitis jirovecii pneumonia

55
Q

Is PCP opportunitic?

A

Yes

56
Q

How do we get PCP?

A

Well we are all exposed to it, and if we are healthy we don’t get it but some people aren’t, so we just inhale it

  • typically aids people get it

Microbiology Exam 2 (10 decks)

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