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Microbiology Exam 2 > Control Of Microbial Growth Part 2 > Flashcards

Control Of Microbial Growth Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are chemical methods to control growth (4)?

A
  • can be used on living and non living surfaces
  • different chemical, which each different action
  • bactericidal or bacteriostatic depends on condition
  • can be evaluated on fliter paper method
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2
Q

What is the filter paper methods for chemical methods to control microbial growth? (3)

A
  • agar plate with microbes spread
  • paper discs containing chemical placed on agar
  • incubate & observe zone of growth inhibition
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3
Q

The larger the zone of inhibition on the fliter paper method then ?

A

More potent ( effect ) the chemical is on inhibiting growth

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4
Q

What is more harder to destroy gram positive or gram negative bacteria? ( the general rule )

A

Gram negative

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5
Q

What should you consider in chemical effective disinfection? (7)

A
  • degree of contamination
  • length of exposure to disinfectant
  • presence of organic material
  • temperature & pH
  • how the disinfect come in contact with microbe
  • strength of disinfect
  • nature of material
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6
Q

What are the 11 chemicals used to prevent microbial growth?

A
  • phenols
  • chlorhexidine
  • halogens
  • alcohols
  • heavy metals
  • surface active agents ( surfactants )
  • quaternary ammonium compounds
  • organic acids
  • aldehydes
  • gaseous chemosterilizers
  • oxidizing agents
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7
Q

What is something to help you remember the chemicals used in preventing micobial growth ?

A

Prince
Charles
Has
A
Heavy
Sexy
Queen
On
Adventure
Garden
Oasis

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8
Q

What is phenols?

A

first chemical disinfect used for surgical infections

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9
Q

Do we still use phenols on patients ?

A

No because it caused irritating effects

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10
Q

What is the name for phenols that we use today?

A

Lysol

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11
Q

What are examples that we use phenols for today? (3)

A

Disinfects feces, sputum and pus

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12
Q

What is the mechanism for phenols?

A
  • denatures proteins
  • damages plasma membrane
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13
Q

Is phenols bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?( think cause of surgery in the past )

A

Can be either

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14
Q

What are bisphenols?

A

Antispectis found in soaps, toothpaste and shampoo

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15
Q

Why did we stop using bisphenols?

A

Because most bacteria became resistant to it since we used it so much

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16
Q

What bacteria is most effected by using bisphenols (2)

A

Gram positive staphylococcus and streptococcus

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17
Q

Is staphylococcus and streptococcus the number 1 cause of bacterial skin infections?

A

Yes, large numbers of skin

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18
Q

What is chlorhexidine? Summary (3)

A
  • Complex, chlorine containing organic compound
  • disinfect
  • bacteracidal
  • use in soaps ( not harmful on skin )
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19
Q

What are the two most common halogens?

A

Iodine and chlorine

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20
Q

Can halogens be both antiseptics and disinfectants?

A

Yes

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21
Q

Is iodine antiseptic or disinfectant?

A

Antiseptic

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22
Q

How does iodine ( halogen) work ?

A

Destroys proteins and destroys cell membranes

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23
Q

Is iodine bacterialcidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacterialcidal

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24
Q

What are examples of iodine (3)

A

Betadine, isodine, wescodyne

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25
Q

What are the two forms of iodine ?

A

Tincture & iodophor

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26
Q

What does tincture mean in iodine ( halogen )

A

Alcoholic solution of iodine

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27
Q

What does iodophor mean in iodine ( halogen ) ?

A

Iodine + organic molecule

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28
Q

You have a bad cut what would you doctor recommend?

A
  • betadine
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29
Q

If you ever watched an operation, we use iodine, and at high concentration/longer, can it destroy endospores?

A

Yes

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30
Q

Is chlorine ( halogen) a disinfectant or antiseptics?

A

A disinfectant

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31
Q

What is the mechanism of chlorine ? ( formula )

A

Cl2 + h2O ( water ) = HOCL

32
Q

What does HOCL mean?

A

Hypochlorous acid

33
Q

What does HOCL functions as ?

A

Preventing cellular enzymes to function

34
Q

What are some examples of chlorine used today? (2)

A
  • in pools
  • bleach
35
Q

What’s the most important food chlorine functions in? And why? (3)

A
  • chloramines
  • disinfects the spoons we use to eat
  • wipe cutting boards
36
Q

What is alcohol an antiseptic or disinfectant?

A

Antiseptic

37
Q

However alcohol can be very irritating so we instead use ?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

38
Q

Does Alcohol kill bacteria and fungi?

A

Yes

39
Q

How does alcohol work? (3)

A

Denatures proteins
Disrupt membranes
Dissolve lipids

40
Q

What is the most effective alcohol and it’s percentage?

A

Ethanol - 70-95% solutions

41
Q

What is isopropanol?

A

Rubbing Alcohol

42
Q

What is Purell and it’s percentage ?

A

Alcohol with 60%

43
Q

What is essential oils?

A

A natural way of medicine or preserving foods and and some disinfect or skin

44
Q

Is heavy metals antiseptic or disinfectant? ( think of mouth & pools )

A

Can be either one !

45
Q

What are the 4 important heavy metals used ?

A
  • sliver
  • copper
  • zinc
  • mercury
46
Q

Is sliver an antiseptic for heavy metals?

A

Yes

47
Q

Why is sliver antiseptic?

A

Because we use it for burn patients, cleaning skins

48
Q

Where do we use sliver nitrate (1%)

A

On the eyes of newborns

49
Q

What does copper do for heavy metals to prevent microbial growth?

A

To reduce algae growth in pools & ponds

50
Q

What is zinc used for in heavy metals ?

A

Mouthwashes ( zinc chloride )

51
Q

What is mercury used in heavy metals ?

A

Antiseptic that helps wound

52
Q

Summary for heavy metals

A
  • silver antiseptic for burn patients
  • zinc antiseptic for mouth washes
53
Q

What are surface active agents?

A

Soaps!!! Degerming on the skin!!

54
Q

Does all soaps have surface active agents?

A

Yes!

55
Q

What is a surfactant?

A

Decrease surface tension of liquids ( or in soaps )

56
Q

Is surface active agent antiseptics?

A

Yes

57
Q

How does surface active agents work?

A

Disrupt cell membrane

58
Q

Why shouldn’t we use antibacterial soap every single day?

A

Because it can kill all your good bacteria on skin & resistance

59
Q

What is Quats? quaternary ammonium compounds? (3)

A
  • antiseptic
  • antibacterial soap!!
  • very effective against gram positive
60
Q

Is quats effective for pseudomonas?

A

No :(

61
Q

Are Chemical food preservatives organic? And why

A

Organic compounds can be used as antiseptic to reduce microbial growth

62
Q

Where is the most common chemical food preservatives found in?

A
  • shampoos
  • cheese
  • makeup
63
Q

What does aldehydes do to proteins?

A

Cross link functional groups of amino acids in a protein

  • inactives the proteins
64
Q

What are the 2 most common aldehydes?

A

Formaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde

65
Q

What is formaldehyde?

A

Preserves tissues
But however very irritating

66
Q

What is glutaraldehyde?

A

Sterilization / disinfect
- very irritating on skin

67
Q

Can glutaraldehyde sterilize?

A

Yes

68
Q

What are examples that we use glutaraldehyde?

A

Hospital instruments

69
Q

What is gaseous chemosterilizers used on/ for?

A

Gases used on plastics

70
Q

What is the most famous gaseous chemosterilizers?

A

Ethylene oxide

71
Q

Does ethylene oxide sterilize without heat?

A

Yes!!

72
Q

What do we use ethylene oxide on?

A

Furniture

73
Q

If I had a mattress from a patient that had tuberculosis, what would be the way to sterilize that mattress ?

A

Using Ethylene oxide

74
Q

What’s another gas that can be used to kill anthrax endospores?

A

Chlorine dioxide

75
Q

What are the 4 peroxygens?

A

Hydrogen peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide
Peracetic acid
Ozone

Microbiology Exam 2 (10 decks)

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