Control Of Microbial Growth Part 2 Flashcards by Brina Quintanilla Reyes

What are chemical methods to control growth (4)?

can be used on living and non living surfaces
different chemical, which each different action
bactericidal or bacteriostatic depends on condition
can be evaluated on fliter paper method

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What is the filter paper methods for chemical methods to control microbial growth? (3)

agar plate with microbes spread
paper discs containing chemical placed on agar
incubate & observe zone of growth inhibition

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The larger the zone of inhibition on the fliter paper method then ?

More potent ( effect ) the chemical is on inhibiting growth

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What is more harder to destroy gram positive or gram negative bacteria? ( the general rule )

Gram negative

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What should you consider in chemical effective disinfection? (7)

degree of contamination
length of exposure to disinfectant
presence of organic material
temperature & pH
how the disinfect come in contact with microbe
strength of disinfect
nature of material

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What are the 11 chemicals used to prevent microbial growth?

phenols
chlorhexidine
halogens
alcohols
heavy metals
surface active agents ( surfactants )
quaternary ammonium compounds
organic acids
aldehydes
gaseous chemosterilizers
oxidizing agents

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What is something to help you remember the chemicals used in preventing micobial growth ?

Prince
Charles
Has
A
Heavy
Sexy
Queen
On
Adventure
Garden
Oasis

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What is phenols?

first chemical disinfect used for surgical infections

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Do we still use phenols on patients ?

No because it caused irritating effects

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What is the name for phenols that we use today?

Lysol

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What are examples that we use phenols for today? (3)

Disinfects feces, sputum and pus

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What is the mechanism for phenols?

denatures proteins
damages plasma membrane

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Is phenols bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?( think cause of surgery in the past )

Can be either

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What are bisphenols?

Antispectis found in soaps, toothpaste and shampoo

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Why did we stop using bisphenols?

Because most bacteria became resistant to it since we used it so much

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What bacteria is most effected by using bisphenols (2)

Gram positive staphylococcus and streptococcus

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Is staphylococcus and streptococcus the number 1 cause of bacterial skin infections?

Yes, large numbers of skin

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What is chlorhexidine? Summary (3)

Complex, chlorine containing organic compound
disinfect
bacteracidal
use in soaps ( not harmful on skin )

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What are the two most common halogens?

Iodine and chlorine

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Can halogens be both antiseptics and disinfectants?

Yes

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Is iodine antiseptic or disinfectant?

Antiseptic

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How does iodine ( halogen) work ?

Destroys proteins and destroys cell membranes

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Is iodine bacterialcidal or bacteriostatic?

Bacterialcidal

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What are examples of iodine (3)

Betadine, isodine, wescodyne

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What are the two forms of iodine ?

Tincture & iodophor

What does tincture mean in iodine ( halogen )

Alcoholic solution of iodine

What does iodophor mean in iodine ( halogen ) ?

Iodine + organic molecule

You have a bad cut what would you doctor recommend?

- betadine

If you ever watched an operation, we use iodine, and at high concentration/longer, can it destroy endospores?

Yes

Is chlorine ( halogen) a disinfectant or antiseptics?

A disinfectant

What is the mechanism of chlorine ? ( formula )

Cl2 + h2O ( water ) = HOCL

What does HOCL mean?

Hypochlorous acid

What does HOCL functions as ?

Preventing cellular enzymes to function

What are some examples of chlorine used today? (2)

- in pools - bleach

What’s the most important food chlorine functions in? And why? (3)

- chloramines - disinfects the spoons we use to eat - wipe cutting boards

What is alcohol an antiseptic or disinfectant?

Antiseptic

However alcohol can be very irritating so we instead use ?

Hydrogen peroxide

Does Alcohol kill bacteria and fungi?

Yes

How does alcohol work? (3)

Denatures proteins Disrupt membranes Dissolve lipids

What is the most effective alcohol and it’s percentage?

Ethanol - 70-95% solutions

What is isopropanol?

Rubbing Alcohol

What is Purell and it’s percentage ?

Alcohol with 60%

What is essential oils?

A natural way of medicine or preserving foods and and some disinfect or skin

Is heavy metals antiseptic or disinfectant? ( think of mouth & pools )

Can be either one !

What are the 4 important heavy metals used ?

- sliver - copper - zinc - mercury

Is sliver an antiseptic for heavy metals?

Yes

Why is sliver antiseptic?

Because we use it for burn patients, cleaning skins

Where do we use sliver nitrate (1%)

On the eyes of newborns

What does copper do for heavy metals to prevent microbial growth?

To reduce algae growth in pools & ponds

What is zinc used for in heavy metals ?

Mouthwashes ( zinc chloride )

What is mercury used in heavy metals ?

Antiseptic that helps wound

Summary for heavy metals

- silver antiseptic for burn patients - zinc antiseptic for mouth washes

What are surface active agents?

Soaps!!! Degerming on the skin!!

Does all soaps have surface active agents?

Yes!

What is a surfactant?

Decrease surface tension of liquids ( or in soaps )

Is surface active agent antiseptics?

Yes

How does surface active agents work?

Disrupt cell membrane

Why shouldn’t we use antibacterial soap every single day?

Because it can kill all your good bacteria on skin & resistance

What is Quats? quaternary ammonium compounds? (3)

- antiseptic - antibacterial soap!! - very effective against gram positive

Is quats effective for pseudomonas?

No :(

Are Chemical food preservatives organic? And why

Organic compounds can be used as antiseptic to reduce microbial growth

Where is the most common chemical food preservatives found in?

- shampoos - cheese - makeup

What does aldehydes do to proteins?

Cross link functional groups of amino acids in a protein - inactives the proteins

What are the 2 most common aldehydes?

Formaldehyde Glutaraldehyde

What is formaldehyde?

Preserves tissues But however very irritating

What is glutaraldehyde?

Sterilization / disinfect - very irritating on skin

Can glutaraldehyde sterilize?

Yes

What are examples that we use glutaraldehyde?

Hospital instruments

What is gaseous chemosterilizers used on/ for?

Gases used on plastics

What is the most famous gaseous chemosterilizers?

Ethylene oxide

Does ethylene oxide sterilize without heat?

Yes!!

What do we use ethylene oxide on?

Furniture

If I had a mattress from a patient that had tuberculosis, what would be the way to sterilize that mattress ?

Using Ethylene oxide

What’s another gas that can be used to kill anthrax endospores?

Chlorine dioxide

What are the 4 peroxygens?

Hydrogen peroxide Benzoyl peroxide Peracetic acid Ozone