Bacteria Part 2 ( Gram + Rods )

Question 1

What are the 6gram positive rod bacteria?

Answer 1

Clostridiales
Bacillus
Lactobacillales
Mycobacteria
Corynebacterium
Epulopiscium

Question 2

What is Clostridium ? (2)

Answer 2

Obligate anaerobic
Produce endospores
( important in medicine due to resistance of the endospores )

Question 3

what are the 4 clostridium pathogens?

Answer 3

C. Tetani
C. Botulinum
C. Perfringes
C. Difficile

Question 4

What does c. Tetani cause?

Answer 4

Tetanus, lock jaw

Question 5

Where chlostridium tetani found ?

Answer 5

Soil, animal
Stepping on a rusty nail

Question 6

How do you get clostridium tetani? (3)

Answer 6

Stepping on rusty nail
Spores enter through the cut
Germinate

(Tetanus)

Question 7

Is clostridium tetani a virulence factor? And how?

Answer 7

Yes
Through the fact it has a plasmid that codes for a neurotoxin called tetanospasmin

Question 8

What is the neurotoxin that clostridium tetani produces?

Answer 8

Tetanospasmin

Question 9

What does the neurotoxin ( tetanospasmin ) do in clostridium tetani? ( provide examples 2)

Answer 9

Causes Symptoms
- muscle spasms
- stops nerve impulses

Question 10

Can we prevent clostridium tetani?

Answer 10

Through vaccine DTaP

Question 11

What does DTaP mean?

Answer 11

Diphtheria, tetanus, aceullar, pertussis

Question 12

Should we get a booster shot for tetanus every 10 years and it’s name?

Answer 12

Tetanus toxoid

Question 13

What is c. Botulinum ?

Answer 13

Severe food poisoning

Question 14

What is c. Perfringes?

Answer 14

Gas gangrene ( food poisoning )

Question 15

What is c. Difficile ?

Answer 15

Serious diarrhea after administration of antibiotics

Question 16

What is bacillus? (2)

Answer 16

Aerobic organism
Produce endospores

Question 17

What are the 2 main pathogens for bacillus?

Answer 17

B. Anthracis
B. Thuringensis

Question 18

How do you get b. Anthracis?

Answer 18

Disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans

Question 19

What is b. Anthracis? (3)

Answer 19

Anthrax
Facultative anaerobic
Spore forming

Question 20

How does b. Anthracis spread? (2)

Answer 20

Handling animals
Skin abrasion

Question 21

What is cutaneous anthrax?

Answer 21

The site of infection may become systemic
( black Eschar )

After handling animals

Question 22

What’s the deadliest way to get anthrax?

Answer 22

Pulmonary anthrax ( woolsorter disease )

Question 23

What’s another name for pulmonary anthrax?

Answer 23

Woolsorter diseases

Question 24

How do you get woolsorter disease?

Answer 24

Through inhalation of spores that goes into the lungs

Question 25

What are the symptoms of woolsorter diseases?

Answer 25

Starts like a flu ( fever, chest tightness) After 12 hours 100% death

Question 26

Does pulmonary anthrax ( woolsorter disease) cause 100% death?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What is b. Thurignesis ?

Answer 27

Insect pathogen ( usually sold as gardening supplies to kill insects on plants )

Question 28

How can we prevent anthrax? & how many doses?

Answer 28

Vaccine 6 doses of a subunit vaccine made of the protective antigen of anthrax

Question 29

Overall recap of bacillus? What is it 2 major bacillus 2 types of anthrax Describe ^^

Answer 29

Aerobic organism Produce endospores 2 major bacillus B. Anthrax B. Thuringensis Anthrax 2 types Cutaneous Pulmonary Cutaneous - handling animals - black eschar Pulmonary ( woolsorter diseases ) - inhalation of spores - goes into lungs - flu like symptoms - after 12 hours, 100% death

Question 30

What was the bioterrorism of anthrax?

Answer 30

Anthrax bioterrorism in letters 2001

Question 31

What is lactobacillus? (4) ( found where ?)

Answer 31

Aerotolerant anaerobes Ferment CHO to lactic acid Found in intestinal & oral cavities & vagina Important to milk & yogurt

Question 32

What does lactobacillus secrete and are for? ( 3 examples )

Answer 32

Secrete acid which are important for industries Pickles Sauerkraut Yogurt

Question 33

What are mycobacteria? (5)

Answer 33

Acid fast rods Waxy lipids in cell wall called mycolic acid ( which allows them to resist acid alcohol decolonization ) ( increased resistance to desiccation and disinfection ) Slow growers

Question 34

What does the mycolic acids do for the mycobacteria? (2)

Answer 34

Increases the resistance to desiccation and disinfection Gives it a pink stain on agar

Question 35

What does myco mean?

Answer 35

Fungus due to filamentous growth

Question 36

What are the 2 main pathogens for mycobacteria?

Answer 36

M. Tuberculosis M. Leprae

Question 37

What is m. Tuberculosis?

Answer 37

TB, tuberculosis

Question 38

What is m. leprae?

Answer 38

Leprosy

Question 39

What is corynebacterium?

Answer 39

Gram negative rod Very pleomorphic

Question 40

What is a famous pathogen for corynebacterium? And causes? ( think of DTaP)

Answer 40

C. Diphtheria Diphtheria ( serious nose & throat infection )

Question 41

What is corynebacterium prevented by?

Answer 41

DTaP

Question 42

What is epulopiscium? (4)

Answer 42

Giant prokaryote Found in Surgeonfish 1985 Large : 80um x 600um No nucleus