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Microbiology Exam 2 > Bacteria Part 2 ( Gram + Rods ) > Flashcards

Bacteria Part 2 ( Gram + Rods ) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6gram positive rod bacteria?

A

Clostridiales
Bacillus
Lactobacillales
Mycobacteria
Corynebacterium
Epulopiscium

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2
Q

What is Clostridium ? (2)

A

Obligate anaerobic
Produce endospores
( important in medicine due to resistance of the endospores )

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3
Q

what are the 4 clostridium pathogens?

A

C. Tetani
C. Botulinum
C. Perfringes
C. Difficile

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4
Q

What does c. Tetani cause?

A

Tetanus, lock jaw

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5
Q

Where chlostridium tetani found ?

A

Soil, animal
Stepping on a rusty nail

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6
Q

How do you get clostridium tetani? (3)

A

Stepping on rusty nail
Spores enter through the cut
Germinate

(Tetanus)

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7
Q

Is clostridium tetani a virulence factor? And how?

A

Yes
Through the fact it has a plasmid that codes for a neurotoxin called tetanospasmin

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8
Q

What is the neurotoxin that clostridium tetani produces?

A

Tetanospasmin

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9
Q

What does the neurotoxin ( tetanospasmin ) do in clostridium tetani? ( provide examples 2)

A

Causes Symptoms
- muscle spasms
- stops nerve impulses

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10
Q

Can we prevent clostridium tetani?

A

Through vaccine DTaP

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11
Q

What does DTaP mean?

A

Diphtheria, tetanus, aceullar, pertussis

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12
Q

Should we get a booster shot for tetanus every 10 years and it’s name?

A

Tetanus toxoid

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13
Q

What is c. Botulinum ?

A

Severe food poisoning

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14
Q

What is c. Perfringes?

A

Gas gangrene ( food poisoning )

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15
Q

What is c. Difficile ?

A

Serious diarrhea after administration of antibiotics

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16
Q

What is bacillus? (2)

A

Aerobic organism
Produce endospores

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17
Q

What are the 2 main pathogens for bacillus?

A

B. Anthracis
B. Thuringensis

18
Q

How do you get b. Anthracis?

A

Disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans

19
Q

What is b. Anthracis? (3)

A

Anthrax
Facultative anaerobic
Spore forming

20
Q

How does b. Anthracis spread? (2)

A

Handling animals
Skin abrasion

21
Q

What is cutaneous anthrax?

A

The site of infection may become systemic
( black Eschar )

After handling animals

22
Q

What’s the deadliest way to get anthrax?

A

Pulmonary anthrax ( woolsorter disease )

23
Q

What’s another name for pulmonary anthrax?

A

Woolsorter diseases

24
Q

How do you get woolsorter disease?

A

Through inhalation of spores that goes into the lungs

25
Q

What are the symptoms of woolsorter diseases?

A

Starts like a flu
( fever, chest tightness)

After 12 hours
100% death

26
Q

Does pulmonary anthrax ( woolsorter disease) cause 100% death?

A

Yes

27
Q

What is b. Thurignesis ?

A

Insect pathogen
( usually sold as gardening supplies to kill insects on plants )

28
Q

How can we prevent anthrax? & how many doses?

A

Vaccine
6 doses of a subunit vaccine made of the protective antigen of anthrax

29
Q

Overall recap of bacillus?
What is it
2 major bacillus
2 types of anthrax
Describe ^^

A

Aerobic organism
Produce endospores

2 major bacillus
B. Anthrax
B. Thuringensis

Anthrax
2 types
Cutaneous
Pulmonary

Cutaneous
- handling animals
- black eschar

Pulmonary ( woolsorter diseases )
- inhalation of spores
- goes into lungs
- flu like symptoms
- after 12 hours, 100% death

30
Q

What was the bioterrorism of anthrax?

A

Anthrax bioterrorism in letters
2001

31
Q

What is lactobacillus? (4)
( found where ?)

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes
Ferment CHO to lactic acid
Found in intestinal & oral cavities & vagina
Important to milk & yogurt

32
Q

What does lactobacillus secrete and are for? ( 3 examples )

A

Secrete acid which are important for industries
Pickles
Sauerkraut
Yogurt

33
Q

What are mycobacteria? (5)

A

Acid fast rods

Waxy lipids in cell wall called mycolic acid

( which allows them to resist acid alcohol decolonization )

( increased resistance to desiccation and disinfection )

Slow growers

34
Q

What does the mycolic acids do for the mycobacteria? (2)

A

Increases the resistance to desiccation and disinfection

Gives it a pink stain on agar

35
Q

What does myco mean?

A

Fungus due to filamentous growth

36
Q

What are the 2 main pathogens for mycobacteria?

A

M. Tuberculosis
M. Leprae

37
Q

What is m. Tuberculosis?

A

TB, tuberculosis

38
Q

What is m. leprae?

A

Leprosy

39
Q

What is corynebacterium?

A

Gram negative rod
Very pleomorphic

40
Q

What is a famous pathogen for corynebacterium? And causes?
( think of DTaP)

A

C. Diphtheria

Diphtheria ( serious nose & throat infection )

41
Q

What is corynebacterium prevented by?

A

DTaP

42
Q

What is epulopiscium? (4)

A

Giant prokaryote
Found in Surgeonfish 1985
Large : 80um x 600um
No nucleus

Microbiology Exam 2 (10 decks)

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