Fungi Part 1

Question 1

Is fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 1

Eukarytoic

Question 2

Is fungi found everywhere in nature?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Where do we get fungi for humans ?

Answer 3

Nosocomial infections & immunocompromised

Question 4

Did fungi become more present in humans as the years went on? And why?

Answer 4

Because we lived longer, and we started to become more immunocomprised

Question 5

What does mycology mean?

Answer 5

Study of fungi

Question 6

What are 3 types of fungi?

Answer 6

Yeasts
Molds
Fleshy fungi ( mushrooms )

Question 7

Are yeast multi or uniceullar?

Answer 7

Uniceullar

Question 8

Are mold’s unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 8

Multicellular & filamentous

Question 9

There are 100,000 species known for fungi but they are mostly in ?

Answer 9

Plants
(200 in animal pathogens )

Question 10

Can a cell be both prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

What is the main fungi characteristic?

Answer 11

Eukaryotic chemoheterotrophs
( require organic compounds )

Question 12

Can fungi be Aerobic or facultative anaerobes?

Answer 12

Yes; either one

Question 13

What is the benefits of fungi?

Answer 13

Recycling elements

Question 14

How do most plants benefit from fungi?

Answer 14

Mycorrhizae, to absorb them food and water

Question 15

How do humans use fungi ?

Answer 15

Eating, mushrooms
Making bread & wine

Question 16

Are most fungi saphrophytes? And it means?

Answer 16

Yes, that they are decomposers

Question 17

What do saphrophytes do?

Answer 17

Secrete many extracellular enzymes
&
Absorb nutrients rather than ingest them

Question 18

Can fungi metabolize large complex CHOs?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Are sterols present in fungi?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

What are the cell walls for fungi?

Answer 20

Glucans
Mannans
Chitin

Question 21

Does fungi have a peptidoglycan cell wall?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What is the function of spores in fungi?

Answer 22

Sexual and asexual reproductive spores

Question 23

What is the limitation of fungi metabolism?

Answer 23

Heterophobic, aerobic, facultative anaerobic
( only these 3 )

Question 24

What are fungi? Eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 24

Eukarytoic

Question 25

Do all cells have cell membrane?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

Where are most fungi found?

Answer 26

Soil & water

Question 27

Can fungi grow in low moisture?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

What is the optimal growth in ph for fungi?

Answer 28

5

Question 29

Are fungi resistant to osmotic pressure?

Answer 29

Yes, meaning they can grow in high sugar or high salt

Question 30

Does fungi require less N than bacteria?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What does the cell membrane ( glucans, mannans, chitin ) contain for fungi?

Answer 31

Ergosterols

Question 32

How do you identify fungi?

Answer 32

Physical appearance Vegetative & reproductive structures

Question 33

Do humans have ergosterols?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

When we are using fungal treatment what is going on? What happens with the ergosterols?

Answer 34

They contain ergosterols & They inhibit the formation of ergosterols or destroy the ergosterols

Question 35

Will cholesterols be effected with the fungal treatment and why?

Answer 35

Yes because it’s a sterols

Question 36

Is anti fungal drugs treatment more toxic than anti bacterial drugs?

Answer 36

Yes because we share that sterol in the cell membrane ( but the target is ergosterols)

Question 37

What is the fungi cell wall made up of?

Answer 37

Chitin

Question 38

What are molds and provide examples

Answer 38

Multicellular & filamentous ( rust, molds, smuts, mildew )

Question 39

What are fleshy fungi and provide examples

Answer 39

Multicellular & filamentous ( mushrooms, puffballs, coral fungi )

Question 40

What are yeast?

Answer 40

Uniceullar & non filamentous

Question 41

What are the shapes for yeasts?

Answer 41

Oval or spherical

Question 42

Are all yeast eukaryotes?

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

Are yeast widely distributed ?

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

Under what conditions can yeast grow in?

Answer 44

Aerobic or facultative anaerobes

Question 45

When are yeast very important fermenters? Under what conditions? And for what?

Answer 45

Facultative anaerobes & Production for food (bread)

Question 46

Can fungi reproduce asexually and sexual?

Answer 46

Yes

Question 47

For yeast, how do they reproduce?

Answer 47

Asexually ( budding )

Question 48

How does bacteria reproduce?

Answer 48

Binary fission

Question 49

How does budding occur? (6)

Answer 49

Parent cells form a bud Bud elongates Nucleus Divides by mitosis Bud enlarges Cell wall synthesis Bud breaks off

Question 50

What’s the most famous yeast known for commercial foods?

Answer 50

Saccharomyces cervisiae

Question 51

What is saccharomyces cerevisiae?

Answer 51

Bakers yeast

Question 52

How does saccharomyces cerecisiae work?

Answer 52

Aerobic : o2 final electron Anaerobic : fermentation

Question 53

What is the result from yeast anaerobic fermentation?

Answer 53

Ethanol ( alcohol )

Question 54

What are molds & fleshy fungi?

Answer 54

Multicellular, filamentous & macroscopic

Question 55

What is the body of molds & fleshy fungi?

Answer 55

Thallus

Question 56

What does thallus mean?

Answer 56

The entire vegetative structure / body ( the whole body of the mold)

Question 57

What is a thallus made up of?

Answer 57

Single cell or long filaments of cells joined together

Question 58

What are the filaments called to make up a mold?

Answer 58

Hyphae ( hypha - singular )

Question 59

How are hyphae classified?

Answer 59

Based on presence or absence of cross walls separating nuclei

Question 60

What are the 2 groups of hyphae?

Answer 60

Sepate hyphae Conenocytic hyphae or non-sepate

Question 61

What is septate hyphae?

Answer 61

Divides the hyphae into uninucleate units Chains of distinct cells Pores to allow movement of cytoplasm between hyphae

Question 62

What are coenocytic hyphae or non-septate?

Answer 62

No cross walls or incomplete cross walls Incomplete septa = cytoplasmic streaming Hyphae grow by elongating at their tips ( each fragment is capable of growing on its own )

Question 63

Can hyphae grow from a spore?

Answer 63

Yes

Question 64

Does the spore matter for the hyphae to grow?

Answer 64

No, either sexual or asexual spore can grow hyphae

Question 65

What is mycelium?

Answer 65

Several hyphae grow & intertwine together that form a filamentous mass

Question 66

Can intertwined hyphae macroscopic can be seen with the naked eye?

Answer 66

Yes

Question 67

What is vegetative mycelium?

Answer 67

Obtains nutrients Grows on substrate

Question 68

What is aerial mycelium or reproductive mycelium?

Answer 68

Grows in the air, above substrate Often bears reproductive spores

Question 69

What does dimorphism mean?

Answer 69

Two forms

Question 70

What are dimorphic fungi mean?

Answer 70

Can be either yeast or mold

Question 71

Can dimorphic fungi depend on things? And what?

Answer 71

Yes Temperature 37C for yeast ; 25C for mold Environment Food availability & oxygen

Question 72

What’s the most famous fungi that’s dimorphic ?

Answer 72

Candida albicans

Question 73

For dimorphic fungi that’s are yeast, what temperature do they grow at ?

Answer 73

37C

Question 74

For dimorphic fungi that are molds, what temperature do they grow at?

Answer 74

25C

Question 75

Why does yeast grow at 37C and molds at 25C for dimorphic fungi?

Answer 75

Because 37C is body temperature and can be easily spread throughout the body, than molds at 25C

Question 76

What is the most common yeast that causes yeast infections in people?

Answer 76

Candida albicans