microbial diseases respiratory system

Question 1

Streptococcus mutans

Answer 1

causes dental carries. Has dextran biofilm.ferment sugar into acid. tartar is when calcium salts mineralize it.

Question 2

Peptic ulcer

Answer 2

abdominal pain main symptom. Erosion of gut H. pylori has virulence factors: protein inhibits aci production, flagella to burrow, adhesion molecules. Destruction of epithelial layer by bacteria allows acid to contact deeper tissue.

Question 3

gatroenteritis

Answer 3

diarhea. Nausea vomiting cramps. Dysentary is loose frequent stool with blood. Different bacterial causes.

Question 4

Cholera

Answer 4

vibrio cholerae. slightly curved gram negative bacillus. Rice water stools. Supportive care. Tetracycline.

Question 5

cholera toxin

Answer 5

a dn b subunit. binds to epithelial cell. Portion enters cell, activates adenylate cyclase. cAMP activates pump to pump out Cl and Na. Cells lose water.

Question 6

shigellosis

Answer 6

shigella gram negative non spore forming. type II secretion system for toxin injection. shiga toxin. small then large intestine. shiga in stool. antimocirobials. listeria like actin fiber transfer. No bacteremia.

Question 7

shiga toxin

Answer 7

binds to cell causes water loss. Can stop protein synthesis.

Question 8

Travelers diarhea

Answer 8

E. coli gram negative bacilli. Aerobic or facultative anaerobic. O157 produces shigella like toxin. Electrolytes, avoid dairy.

Question 9

Ecoli O157 H7

Answer 9

produces shiga like toxin. Inhibits protein synthesis.T3SS. Electrolyte loss.

Question 10

Campylobacter diarhea

Answer 10

campylobacter jejuni. gram negative slightly curved polar flagella. Adhesins, cytotoxin, LPS. Must have flagella.Signs symptoms, no treatment.

Question 11

antimmicrobial associated diarhea

Answer 11

Clostridium dificile. Gram positive endospore forming anaerobic bacillus. Toxin A breaks tight junctions, fluid loss. Toxin B = lesions.

Question 12

salmonella and typhoid fever

Answer 12

caused by different s. enterica serotupes. Typhi causes typhoid fever. enteriditis and typhimurium cause salmonellosis. Gram negative petrocious bacilli. Live in intestines of all vertebrates except humans. tolerate acidity and use T3SS. disrupt motochondria, inhibit phagocytosis induce apoptosis,

Question 13

typhooid fever consumption of

Answer 13

contaminated water

Question 14

salmonella caused by

Answer 14

food or eggs. can cause bacteremia. fever cramps diarhea.

Question 15

salmonella and typhoid find / treat

Answer 15

Salmonella in stool. Treat typhoid fever with antimicrobials, can cause death. Prevent with proper hygeine.

Question 16

Bacterial food poisoning

Answer 16

Staph aureus toxins consumed, not from bacteria. 5 heat stable enterotoxins. Muscle contractions nausea intense vomiting.

Question 17

norovirus

Answer 17

similar to bacterial enteritis. +ssRNA no envelope. Star shaped.

Question 18

rotavirus

Answer 18

similar to bacterial enteritis. dsRNA no envelope with spherical spikes.

Question 19

noro and rotavirus enteritis

Answer 19

Fecal oral transmission, most common non bacterial infection (90%) serological test, vaccine available.

Question 20

Viral hepatits

Answer 20

jaundice abdominal pain appetite loss vomiting. Immune response causes damage. fluid in abdomen, antibody testing.

Question 21

Hepatitis A virus

Answer 21

fecal oral route, mild survives on surfaces.

Question 22

Hep B

Answer 22

lives in blood, released by liver cells vaccine available, blood blood transmission.

Question 23

Hep C

Answer 23

lacks replication proof reading, changes so much immune system cannot clear.

Question 24

Hep D

Answer 24

uses B capsid, must have B infection

Question 25

Hep E

Answer 25

mild fecal oral route

Question 26

Giardiasis

Answer 26

greasy frothy odorous diarhea. Lasts 4 weeks. Diplomonad. 2 nuclei, 2 forms feeding trophozoite, cyst. Round cysts. Does not invade intestinal wall, remains free living. Ingest cysts from contaminated water. Campers at risk.

Question 27

amebiasis

Answer 27

sever diarhea appendicitis. Entamoaeba histolyitca. Chitin shelled cysts. develops in peritoneal cavity. Virulence fadtors: adhesion proteins, enzymes, channels in host membranes. Contaminated food or water, oral anal intercourse.

Question 28

Tape worm

Answer 28

Flat segmented parasitic helminths. Lack digestive system. Aysmptomatic usually. Tanea beef or pork. Larva develop in secondary host, mature and reproduce in humans. Throughly cook meat.

Question 29

Pin Worm

Answer 29

nematodes. perianal itches. irritability. Caused by enterobius. Deposit eggs in anus at night. Most common worm in US.