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Microbiology Exam Two > Microbial Diseases Of Skin And Wounds Pt. 3 > Flashcards

Microbial Diseases Of Skin And Wounds Pt. 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the term for the warts found on the soles of the feet?

A

Plantar warts

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1
Q

What is the term used for warts found on fingers and toes?

A

Seed warts

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2
Q

What is the term for warts found on the trunk, face, elbows, and knees?

A

Flat warts

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3
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for warts?

A

40 different varieties of human papillomavirus (HPV)

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4
Q

How are warts transmitted?

A

Via direct contact and fomites

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5
Q

What is the term used when warts spread from one location to another on the same person?

A

Autoinoculation

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6
Q

Are warts usually harmless?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What are the five classical childhood exanthems?

A

Rubeola (Measles), scarlet fever, rubella (German measles), erythema infectiosum, roseola

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8
Q

What is the cause of rubeola (Measles)?

A

Measles virus

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9
Q

What is the cause of scarlet fever?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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10
Q

What is the cause of rubella (German measles)?

A

Rubella virus

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11
Q

What is the cause of erythema infectiosum?

A

Parvovirus B19

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12
Q

What is the cause of roseola?

A

HHV-6

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13
Q

Which “number disease” of children exanthems is still commonly used?

A

“Fifth disease”

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14
Q

What are all of the other names for measles?

A

First disease, red measles, rubeola

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15
Q

What sign is diagnostic for measles?

A

Koplik’s spots

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16
Q

What are the rare serious complications of measles that can result?

A

Pneumonia, encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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17
Q

Is measles highly contagious?

A

Yes

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18
Q

When are those with measles contagious?

A

Four days pre-rash and four days after rash appears

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19
Q

How is measles spread?

A

Respiratory droplets

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20
Q

What species is the only host for measles?

A

Humans

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21
Q

What is the treatment for measles?

A

There aren’t any

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22
Q

How can measles be prevented?

A

MMR vaccine

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23
Q

What is another nickname for rubella or German measles?

A

3-day measles

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24
Q

Are rubella infections serious in children?

A

Usually not

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25
Q

What can result from an adult developing rubella?

A

Arthritis or encephalitis

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26
Q

How can rubella be extremely dangerous for fetuses?

A

Infection of pregnant women can cause birth defects or death of fetus (“Congenital Rubella Syndrome”)

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27
Q

How is rubella spread?

A

Respiratory secretions

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28
Q

What is the treatment for rubella?

A

Rest, fluids, medication

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29
Q

Spontaneous abortion occurs in what amount of all congenital rubella syndrome cases?

A

20%

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30
Q

What is fifth disease?

A

Erythema infectiosum

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31
Q

What is the lay term for erythema infectiosum?

A

Slapped cheek syndrome

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32
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for erythema infectiosum?

A

Parvovirus B19

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33
Q

What condition is a respiratory disease that manifests as a rash that appears as a slap in the face?

A

Erythema infectiosum

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34
Q

How is erythema infectiosum transmitted?

A

Respiratory droplets

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35
Q

At what point is erythema infectiosum no longer infectious?

A

Once the rash is present

36
Q

What condition is characterized by a rose-colored rash and mononucleosis-like symptoms?

A

Roseola

37
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for roseola?

A

HHV-6

38
Q

HHV-6 may make individuals more susceptible to what disease?

A

AIDS

39
Q

Roseola may be linked to what other condition?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

40
Q

How is roseola spread?

A

Person to person by transfer of oral secretions

41
Q

What is the term for a disease caused by a fungus?

A

Mycosis

42
Q

Are mycoses usually contagious?

A

No

43
Q

What fungal infection of the hair shaft forms irregular nodules?

A

Piedra

44
Q

What are the two types of piedra?

A

Black - hard, black nodules

White - soft, gray to white nodules

45
Q

What is another name for pityriasis versicolor?

A

Tinea versicolor

46
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for causing black piedra?

A

Piedraia hortae

47
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for causing white piedra?

A

Trichisporon beigelii

48
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for causing pityriasis?

A

Malassezia furfur

49
Q

What fungal infection results in hypo- or hyper-pigmentation of patches of scaly skin that typically occurs on the trunk, shoulders, and arms?

A

Pityriasis versicolor

50
Q

Pityriasis versicolor is unlikely to occur in which locations?

A

Face and neck (in that case, most likely would be vitiligo)

51
Q

Pityriasis versicolor is now associated with what common cosmetic activity?

A

Tanning beds

52
Q

How is piedra often transmitted?

A

Shared hair brushes and combs

53
Q

How are superficial mycoses usually transmitted?

A

Person to person contact or environmental exposure

54
Q

How is piedra treated?

A

By shaving infected hair

55
Q

How is pityriasis versicolor diagnosed?

A

By the green color seen under UV light

56
Q

How is pityriasis versicolor treated?

A

Topical or oral drugs

57
Q

What are dermatophytes?

A

Specific groupings of fungi (not a Genus name) that cause cutaneous infections

58
Q

How are dermatophyses often transmitted?

A

Via fomites

59
Q

What was the old term for dermatophyses?

A

Ringworm

60
Q

Why do we know longer call dermatophyses “ringworm”?

A

There is no actual worm involved; it is a fungal infection

61
Q

What procedure confirms dermatophytoses diagnoses?

A

KOH preparation of skin or nail samples

62
Q

What stimuli make dermatophytoses more aggravated?

A

Heat and moisture

63
Q

What is the condition commonly known as “athlete’s foot”?

A

Tinea pedis

64
Q

What is the condition commonly known as “jock itch”?

A

Tinea cruris

65
Q

What dermatophysis occurs as a fungal infection of the nails?

A

Tinea unguium/ onychomycosis

66
Q

What dermatophysis is associated with the trunk and overall body?

A

Tinea corporis

67
Q

What dermatophysis is associated with the scalp?

A

Tinea capitis

68
Q

What condition is also known as the rose-gardener’s disease?

A

Sporotrichosis

69
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for causing sporotrichosis?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

70
Q

Sporotrichosis usually occurs where on the body?

A

Arms and legs

71
Q

What population of people are more at risk of developing sporotrichosis?

A

Anyone working with plant material (planters, gardeners, farmers)

72
Q

What condition results from secondary lesions occurring on the skin along the course of lymphatic vessels following infection of sporotrichosis?

A

Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

73
Q

In which direction does lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis travel?

A

Distal to proximal along the course of the lymphatics

74
Q

Is leishmaniasis painful?

A

No

75
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

Large painless skin lesions

76
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

Skin lesions enlarged to encompass mucous membranes

77
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis?

A

Parasite is spread by macrophages throughout the body and can end up damaging organs

78
Q

What is the causative agent for leishmaniasis?

A

Leishmania

79
Q

In what locations is leishmaniasis endemic?

A

Tropics and subtropics

80
Q

What is the reservoir for leishmaniasis?

A

Dogs

81
Q

What is the vector that transmits leishmaniasis to humans?

A

Sand flies

82
Q

What is the other name for visceral leishmaniasis?

A

Kala-azar

83
Q

What age group usually gets tinea unguium?

A

Elderly

84
Q

What are the signs and symptoms for scabies?

A

Intense itching and rash of small, red, linear bumps (burrows or tunnels are sometimes seen)

85
Q

What is the causative agent for scabies?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei (mite)

86
Q

How is scabies transmitted?

A

Prolonged bodily contact

87
Q

In what condition do scabies epidemics tend to occur?

A

Among those in crowded conditions

88
Q

How is scabies treated?

A

Mite-killing lotions, antihistamines for itching

Microbiology Exam Two (8 decks)

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