Microbes in Human Welfare Flashcards
Bacteria used in Curd
Lactobacillus- LAB Lactic Acid Bacteria
Bread
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)
Swiss cheese
Propionibacterium sharmanii
Name beverages produced without distillation + microbe
Wine and beer
Alcohol content is less
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Beverages produced by distillation + microbe
Whisky, brandy, rum
Alcohol content is more
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
What is Penicillin + microbe
Penicillin is an antibiotic
Wonder drug
Penicilllium notatum
Microbe used for fermentation of ethanol/ethyl alcohol
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Cyclosporin A- microbe + function
MEDICINE
Trichoderma polysporum (fungus)
function: immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients (Xeno-graft)
Statins: microbe + function
MEDICINE
Monascus purpureus (fungus)
function: blood cholesterol lowering agent
Gluconic acid: derived from
Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp (fungi)
Itaconic acid: derived from
Aspergillus itaconicus, Aspergillus terreus
(fungi)
Acetic acid(vinegar): derived from
Acetobacter sp
Citric acid: derived from
Aspergillus niger
Butyric acid: derived from
Clostridium butylicum
Lactic acid: derived from
Lactobacillus
Enzymes: Pectinases and Proteases: derived from + function
Derived from fungi
function: Clarification of fruit juices
Enzymes: Lipases: derived from + function
derived from fungi
function: In detergent formulations and to remove oily (lipid) stain from laundry
Enzymes: Streptokinase: derived from + function
Streptococcus
Function: Clot buster for removing clots from patients who have suffered from myocardial infarction
How is biogas produced: Steps
Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of animal waste
Step 1: HYDROLYSIS
Hydrolytic bacteria like Ruminococcus flavefaciens convert the organic polymers present in animal waste to monomers
Step 2: ACID FORMATION
Acetogenic bacteria like Acetivibrio cellulolyticus converts these monomers to simple compounds like CO2 NH3 and H2
Step 3: METHANE FORMATION
Methanogens (anaerobic bacteria) converts the simple compounds to CH4 and CO2
Microbes that get rid of insect pests, mosquito larvae
Bacillus thuringiensis (bacteria)
Ladybird and dragonfly as biocontrol agents
Ladybird: Gets rid of aphids
Dragonfly: Gets rid of mosquitoes
Use of Trichoderma
It is a fungus used to control many plant diseases, effective in root ecosystems
Baculovirus that acts as a biocontrol agent
Nucleopolyhedrovirus
Acts against insects and arthropods
Rhizobium
Seen in root nodules of leguminous plants
Nitrogen fixation (Symbiotic)
Nitrogen fixation (free living)
Azospirillum and Azotobacter
Mycorrhiza
fungi Seen in roots of higher plants
supplies Mineral elements, drought resistance (symbiotic)
Cyanobacteria BGA
- Nitrogen fixation
- Algal biomass accumulates as organic matter
- Stimulates growth of rice seedling
- Helps in reclamation of saline and alkaline soil
What is IPM
Integrated pest management is a technique that integrates the various cultural and biological methods of pest control to ensure continued production of the crops without the excessive use of pesticides
Name some methods of IPM
- Cultural: crop rotation, mulching, proper spacing, weeding etc
- Physical and mechanical methods- catching and killing rodents
- Use of resistant varieties
- Biological methods- Use of parasites and predators
- Sanitation: burning/removal of infected residues
