Microanatomy of the reproductive system Flashcards
Describe the main histological features of the sites of sperm production within the seminiferous tubules ?
- cells present
- route of the sperm
Testes in tunica albuginea
- divided into lobules =seminiferous tubules:
- leydig cells=testosterone
1) germinal epithelium gives rise to 2 types of cell :
a) Spermatogenic cells->sperms
b) Sertoli cells –>support (metabolic , nutritional , metabolic support , prevent the lymph system from affecting germ cells )
Spermatoza travel from Lumen of seminiferous tubules –>epididymis for storage + maturation
pathways :
1)Tubulus rectus =from apex–>middle
2) Rete testis = anastomosing tubules = pass sperm to efferent ductules
3)Efferent ductules = highly coiled duct with ciliated epithelium = proximal end of ductus deferens
relate spermatogenesis to developing germ cell
4
1) Spermatogonia = STEM cells at base ->mitotic division to produce primary spermatocytes
2) Primary spermatocytes = Large germ cells 46 chromosomes
3) Secondary spermatocyte = occur after meiosis 23 chromosomes
4) Spermatids =undergo spermiogenesis –>sperm –>lumen ->seminiferous tubules –>epididymis for storage and maturation
Discuss the histological features of the ovary with follicular regard to oocyte development
There are a finite number of Primordial follicles form in the Fetal ovary = consist of oocytes + single layer of squamous follicular cells (Granulosa cells which have endocrine signalling) . These primordial follicles remain in the process of the first meiotic division.
Puberty –>PRIMARY FOLLICLES
Primary follicles : activated oocyte , starts to grow and secretes a glycoprotein coating the zona pellucida
Secondary follicle :
- Follicualr antrum ( fluid filled layer, rich in hyaluronan , proteoglycans)
- Cell layers increase = zona granulosa , thicker zona pellucida, , larger oocyte
- layer of cells outside the follicle =theca interna
Graffian follicle :
- haploid
- large follicular antrum = makes up most of the follicle
- OOcyte is on the peripheries
- Surrounded by zona pellucida + corona radiata ( crown of cells)
Ovum :
1-Oocyte
2-Zona pellucida
3-Corona radiata
female reproductive system parts
5
Ovaries : where oocytes are developed (immature egg)
Fallopian tubes :Collects ovulated oocytes = site of fertilisation
Uterus : site of decidualisation , menstruation
Cervix: neck of uterus + barrier to infection
Vagina: external opening of female reproductive system
Male reproductive Accessory Glands (3)
So V Paid Greg’s bulgogi
1) Seminal vesicles = produce sperm activating substances
2) Prostate gland = thin, milky fluid containing several enzymes = Alkaline pH = counter vaginal acidity
3) Bulbourethral ( Cowper’s) = paired glands which produce clear fluid prior to ejaculation = lubrication of distal urethra
anatomy of the testes
VETRS
(5)
1) Vas deferens = entrance
2) Epididymis = head, body ,tail
3) Tail leads to Efferent ductules
4) Rete testis= in mediastinum of the testis
4) Septa = in pyramidal lobules
5) Encapsulated in capsule called Tunica Albuginea , divide into lobules
Histology of ovarian follicles
- Single layer of germinal epithelium on exterior
- DIRCT tunica Albuginea = The tunica albuginea is a layer of condensed fibrous tissue on the surface of the ovary.
- Cortex = oocyte + follicular development
- Medulla = loose CT + Hilum
Uterus micro anatomy
(3)
layers
3 layers : 1- Endometrium - simple columnar epithelium - Functional Zone (glands) - Basilar Zone
2-Myometrium
-smooth muscle & vasculature
3-Perimetrium = outer wall = CT
Seminiferous tubules (testes) (3) what are they the site of ? lined with ? cells ?
- Site of Spermatogenesis
- Lined with Sertoli cells
- leydig cells in CT around the tubules Make testosterone
What are the :
a) Zona pellucida
b) Granulosa cells
c) Theca cells
d) Corpus Luteum
a) Zona pellucida = protects oocytes, eggs, and embryos during development, first stage in follicle development , Proteins on the surface of sperm will bind to specific glycoproteins in the zona pellucida.
b) Zona Granulosa cells = produce increasingly more of the hormone oestradiol (predominant form of estrogen) The late primary follicle stage is reached when the follicular cells proliferate into a stratified epithelium known as the zona granulosa
c) Theca cells = Synthesize androgens
In secondary follicle a layer of cells outside the follicle become evident. These cells compose the theca interna and contribute to the production of estrogens.
d) Corpus Luteum = progesterone producing , left over shell of follicle
what does the Ovum consist of ?
Ovum :
1-Oocyte
2-Zona pellucida
3-Corona radiata
what does the graffian follicle consist of ?
5
Graffian follicle :
- Haploid
- Large follicular antrum = makes up most of the follicle
- OOcyte is on the peripheries
- OOcyte Surrounded by Zona pellucida + corona radiata ( crown of cells)
- On the outside of the Follicle = Zona granulosa , and theca Interna —> oestrogens
Describe secondary follicle features
Secondary follicle :
- Follicualr antrum ( fluid filled layer, rich in hyaluronan , proteoglycans)
- Cell layers increase = zona granulosa , thicker zona pellucida, , larger oocyte
- Layer of cells outside the follicle =theca interna
how does the spermatozoa travel from the testis to the epididymis
TRE
Tubules really
rate tests
except ductules
Spermatoza travel from Lumen of seminiferous tubules –>epididymis for storage + maturation
pathways :
1)Tubulus rectus =from apex–>middle
2) Rate testis = anastomosing tubules = pass sperm to efferent ductules
3) Efferent ductules = highly coiled duct with ciliated epithelium = proximal end of ductus deferens
