Anatomy of the reproductive system

Question 1

what is the broad ligament and what does it contain ?

FROM L

Answer 1

• Fallopian tubes
• Round ligament x uterus
• Ovarian ligament
• Mesovarium attaches the ovaries to the posterior broad ligament

Lymphatic Vessels and nerves

Question 2

What are the ligaments of the uterus ?

4

Answer 2

1) Ovarian ligament= ovary to uterus connection
2) Mesovarium + suspensory ligaments= Broad Ligament =laterally
3) Utero-sacral ligament ( anchors uterus to sacrum )=posteriorly
4) Round ligament = anchors uterus anteriorly, through inguinal canal

Question 3

Uterus relations

Answer 3

Anterior :
1-Vesico uterine pouch
2-Superior surface of the bladder

Posterior :
1-Recto-uterine pouch

Laterally:
-Broad ligament

Question 4

course and relations of the ovarian arterys

Answer 4

• At the level of the cervico-uterine junction, the uterine artery divides into an ascending and descending branch.
• Ascending branch: passes superiorly along the lateral wall of the body of the uterus towards the Fallopian tube.

-Descending branch: passes inferiorly towards the vagina. This vaginal branch anastomoses with branches of the vaginal artery .

Question 5

what are the parts of the fallopian tube?

4

Answer 5

1) Infundibulum -envelopes the ovary to capture the ovulated egg, the Fimbriae = hang from infundibulum
2) Ampulla -wide, thin walled = fertilisation occurs here
3) Isthmus = narrow section
4) Intramural portion = lies within uterine wall and opens into uterine cavity

The fimbriae of the uterine tube, also known as fimbriae tubae, are small, fingerlike projections at the end of the fallopian tubes,

Question 6

Anatomy of the breast

5

Answer 6

• 15-20 lobules in adipose tissue
• Lobulues separated by fibrous tissue/septa ( from subcutaneous tissue –>chest wall)
• suspensory ligaments connect fat to chest wall
• lactiferous sinus =>opens into the nipple
• Lactiferous Ducts around the sinus

Question 7

Lymphatic drainage of the breast
(4)
In examination what do u need to remember ?

Answer 7

Breast tissue extends into the axilla so when you examine the patient , make sure to continue until the axilla

• majority (75%)= axillary lymph nodes
• Parasternal nodes ( inferior region of breast )
• Abdominal nodes
• also can drain to the opposite breast

Question 8

what are the parts of the uterus

5

Answer 8

1) opening of fallopian tubes
2) Fundus
3) Body
4) Cervix leads to Vagina

The positions is in anti flexion, and anti-version (over hangs uterus)

Question 9

Anatomy of the external vagina

Answer 9

1) Labium majus
2) Labium minus
3) Vestibule of vagina

Question 10

Lymph drainage of ovaries

Answer 10

1) Upper region = Lumbar lymph nodes

2) Lower region = external iliac lymph nodes

Question 11

Identify and describe the anatomy and relations of the male reproductive organs
(4)

Answer 11

• Testes = lie within scrotum pouch, containing Dartos muscle
• covered with tunica albuginea
• 200-300 lobules , each with 1-3 seminiferous tubules
• Seminiferous tubules come together to form Rete testis—>efferent (exit) ductules –>epididymus

Blood supply :
1-Testicular artery 
2-Pampiniform plexus 
3-Testicular vein --->IVC
4- Left Testicular --->Left renal vein

Question 12

Identify and describe the spermatic cord and its contents
(3 fascial layers)
Papers Don’t Contribute To A Good Specialist Level

Answer 12

External spermatic Fascia => from external oblique aponeurosis
Cremasteric Fascia =>internal Oblique aponeurosis
Internal Spermatic Fascia => transversalis

Papers Don’t Contribute To A Good Specialist Level
P: pampiniform plexus
D: ductus deferens
C: cremasteric artery
T: testicular artery
A: artery of the ductus deferens (deferential artery)
G: genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
S: sympathetic nerve fibres
L: lymphatic vessels

Question 13

Identify and describe the course, relations and distribution of the testicular artery

Answer 13

The testicular artery, also known as the internal spermatic artery, is a branch of the abdominal aorta. It arises in the abdomen and reaches the scrotum by traversing the spermatic cord.

• While the right testicular artery passes posterior to the ileocolic and middle colic arteries and the distal ileum, and anterior to the inferior vena cava.
• They both enter the same sided deep inguinal ring and continue towards the testes through the spermatic cord.

Question 14

Identify and describe the location of the recto-vesical pouch

Answer 14

-
Rectovesical pouch is the forward reflection of the peritoneum from the middle third of the rectum to the upper part of the bladder in males

Question 15

Identify and describe the anatomy of the pelvic floor in the male

Question 16

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the pelvis in the male

Answer 16

-Internal iliac lymph nodes

Question 17

describe the epididymis
what does it do ?
parts ?

Answer 17

1) Vas deferens (ductus deferens )= tail of epididymis , body, head
- storage of the sperm
2) during ejaculation , the sperm are propelled along the head –>tail
travel along vas deferens within spermatic chord

Question 18

male urethra (3) 
- 3 parts and glands in last part ?

Answer 18

1) Prostatic Urethra
2) Membraneous Urethra
3) Spongy urethra

internal urethral sphincter = smooth muscle under sympathetic control
External uretheral spincter = skeletal muscle via pudendal nerve (somatic )

proximal portion of spongy urethra = bulbourethal Cowper’s glands = alkaline mucous

Question 19

Penis anatomy

3 layers

Answer 19

outlet for urine and semen
3 bodies of erectile tissue :
1) Corpora cavernosa: 2 lateral layers 
2)Corpus spongiosum: inner 2 layers 
3)glans penis (middle ) = terminates via the navicular fossa --->external urethral orifice