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MED YEAR 2 :GI,Endocrine ,Renal and reproductive > Microanatomy of GI tract > Flashcards

Microanatomy of GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

describe the epithelial specializations of the oral cavity and esophagus
(5)

A

oral cavity :
1-Hard palate=SSK, the underlying bone
2-GUMS =Gingiva = SSK epithelium
3-Soft palate = SSNK, more moveable and no bony skeleton
4-Cheeks = SSNK epithelium
5-Tongue =taste so specialized epithelium + taste buds

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2
Q 
Describe the histological features of :
a)gastric pits 
b)glands
what are the principal cells in the stomach 
found in the BODY of the stomach?
A

a) Gastric pits = downwards invaginations simple columnar epithelium ( found where there is a lot of absorption )
1-Mucous cell = lubrication
2-Parietal cell = pink fried egg+ makes HCL activate enzymes
3- Enteroendocrine cell= gastrin= hormonal control and gut motility
4-Chief cell= BLUE+ purple = LOTS OF RER, nucleus to the side contains granules of pepsinogen

pepsinogen will get released, react with HCL, and become Pepsin

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3
Q

what are the epithelial specializations of the small intestine
(3)
3 main specialisations = PVL
Specialised cells=>GPee

A

-Pilcae circulares
-Villi (singular - Villus )
-krepts of lieberkuhn —> STEM cells
=enterocytes
=goblet cells
=paneth cells= antimicrobial
=enteroendocrine cells

1) Duodenum
2) Jejunum
3) Ileum

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4
Q

what are the epithelial specializations of the large intestine (1.5m)

  • what does LI do
  • glands?
A

forms Faeces
1-Biotin and Vit k liberated
2-Produce abundance of Mucous

LAYERS:

  • Mucosa
  • Colonic crypts and glands= pale staining = SCE( STEM cells at the bottom )
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis Externa
  • Taenia Coli = allows the colon to contract independently
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5
Q

Outline the Mucosa
ELM
(3)

A

Innermost layer = epithelial lining ( changes depending on where it is, SSK, OR SCE)

b. Lamina Propria =loose CT = blood to nourish epithelium, lymphoid tissue to survey for infection, Glands
c. Muscularis Mucosae = 2 layers of smooth muscle = movement for churning in stomach etc

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6
Q

outline the GI tract

POSSL

A

1- 9m long oral cavity

  • pharynx
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine (duodenum , jejunum ,ileum )
  • Large intestine (Caecum ,asending colon , transverse olon , descending colon, sigoid colon , rectum , anus)
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7
Q

Histologically what is in the Muscularis Externa
- what is the nerve plexus called
(3)

A

1-2 LAYERS OF MUSCLE = peristalsis
2-myenteric nerve plexus ( muscle plexus in the gut ) = Auerbach’s nerve plexus in between 2 layers of smooth muscle
3-the inner circular layer can thicken in certain areas

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8
Q

What is in the serosa or adventitia?

2

A

1-Loose CT, adipose tissue, and Blood vessels

  • Serosa = held by mesentery ( connective tissue and blood flow present )
  • Adventitia = (without any mesentery )
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9
Q

Outline the features of the esophagus

5

A 
innermost --> outermost 
1-Mucosa
2-Epithelium=SSNK
3-Muscularis Mucosae
4-Submucosae= loose collagenous and elastic CT 
5-Muscularis Externa
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10
Q

outline features of the stomach

A

1- Rugae= folds of the Mucosa when the stomach is empty
2-Mucosa= simple columnar Epithelium + glands+gastric pits
3-Muscularis Mucoasae
4-Submucosa
5-Muscularis Externa = 3 LAYERS OF smooth muscle

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11
Q

Where are colonic crypts /Glands found and cell types?
what do they do?
GCE
(4)

A

1-Simple tubular glands in LI

  • Goblet cells
  • Colonocytes ( absorptive) = absorb the water
  • Enteroendocrine cells ( hormonal )
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12
Q

outline features of the stomach

A

1- Rugae= folds of the Mucosa when the stomach is empty
2-Mucosa= simple columnar Epithelium + glands+gastric pits
3-Muscularis Mucoasae
4-Submucosa
5-Muscularis Externa = 3 LAYERS OF smooth muscle
The gastric glands = coiled

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13
Q

List the accessory organs of the GIT

4

A

1-Salivary glands
2-Pancreas
3-Liver
4-Gall bladder

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14
Q 
What is the gross anatomy of the liver?
-Lobes
-Artery
-Vein
-Doorway
-Drained by which vein ?
(5)
A

1-4 lobes ( anteriorly =right , left ,Quadrate ,Caudate)
2-Artery = Hepatic artery
3-Vein = Hepatic Portal Vein
4-Porta Hepatus (Hilum) is where the vessels enter = artery, vein, hepatic duct
5-liver is drained by hepatic vein = into Inferior vena cava

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15
Q

Functions of the liver

5

A

1-Exocrine ( released via duct ) =BILE production
2-ENDOCRINE (hormonal through the blood) =production of plasma proteins
3-Absorption of nutrients through the digestive tract
4-Toxins degraded
5-Phagocytotic cleaning worn out RBC

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16
Q

Outline the classical lobule of the liver
4 main areas
(4)

A

The polygonal, hexagonal arrangement
1-Portal area = on the indices (corners ) = blood enters here via a small branch of the hepatic vein, artery, also where BILE leaves, lymphatic tissue as well
2-Vascular Sinosoids = drain the blood = leaky endothelium so that blood can be filtered into Hepatocytes
3- Central vein in the center = blood drains here finally –>Hepatic vein –>IVC
4- Hepatocytes = produced bile and travel from cell to cell until it reaches bile duct

17
Q

what are the two models of the liver organization?

2

A 
1-Functionally = Liver Acinus 
2-Structurally= the classical lobule
18
Q

Outline the Liver Acinus model

3 zones of hepatocytes = explain (6)

A

Based on function (spread across 2 classical lobules)
ZONE 1: Hepaticytes = increased O2, Nutrients, glycogen, and plasma proteins
ZONE 2: intermediate tissue
ZONE 3: LOWEST in O2, Nutrients, closest to the TERMINAL HEPATIC VENULE= Alcohol and drug detoxification, susceptible to hypoxia and toxic damage, here you will find more enzymes

19
Q

Describe the blood and bile flow through the liver
(2)
-Name of the place where blood drains

A

1-Bile travels through HEPATOCYTES ( via tight junctions and Bile canaliculus )
2-Blood flows through the sinusoids, it filters into the space of Disse and makes close contact with microvilli of hepatocytes )

20
Q

Where are nerve plexus’ found ?

2

A

1) meissners plexus = submucosa

2) aucherbachs plexus = muscularis external ( between the two rings of smooth and circular muscle )

21
Q

Where are the only 2 places that have glands in submucosa ?

A

1) oesophagus

2) duodenum

22
Q

Notes

A

Villi = more flamboyant look like elegant leaves

23
Q

What is used to specifically identify the ileum microscopically?

A

Peyer’s patches are aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are found in the ileum. They are used to distinguish the ileum from the duodenum and jejunum histologically as the latter do not contain Peyer’s patches.

MED YEAR 2 :GI,Endocrine ,Renal and reproductive (32 decks)

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