Anatomy GI Flashcards
cutaneous innervation of the anterolateral abdominal wall
FROM T7-L1
- Thoraco-abdomincal nerves T7-11
- lateral branch of Subcostal nerve T12
- Anterior branch of Subcostal nerve T12
- Iliohypogastric nerve L1
- Ilio-linguinal nerve L1
arterial supply anterolateral abdominal wall
6
1-Musculophrenic artery
2-Superior epigastric artery
3-lateral ABS= 10,11th Posterior intercostal arteries
4-central ABS = inferior epigastric
5-superficial epigastric artery =V line
6-Superficial Circumflex arteries =V line
venous drainage of the anterolateral abdominal wall
superior and inferior?
4
blood from plexus-->Internal Thoracic vein + lateral thoracic vein (superior )
inferior= superficial, inferior epigastric vein
lymphatic Drainage of the anterolateral abdominal wall
2
- axillary nodes in arm pit = above the transumbilical plane
- superficial inguinal lymph nodes = v line = everything below the transumbilical plane
external oblique
- where is it
- fiber direction
First most superficial layer of muscle in ABS
- muscle fibres = hands in front pockets
- aponeurosis of external oblique muscle = flattened tendon
internal oblique
direction of fibers
deep to external oblique= hands-on boobs =
transverse abdominis muscle
deep to Transversus abdominis muscle= horizontal fibers
transverse abdominis muscle
2
deep to internal oblique muscle= horizontal fibers
rectus sheath
LOOK MORE AT HOW IT IS MADE ( TRY TO UNDERSTAND )
encloses rectus abdominus muscles = anterior and posterior part
- anterior part = formed by aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
rectus abdominis muscle
3
- The rectus abdominis muscle, also known as the “abdominal muscle”, is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen
- separated into discrete sections by tendinous intersections
location and boundaries of the superficial inguinal ring
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anterior wall
posterior wall
roof
floor
4
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-Canal located between the deep(internal) and superficial (external) inguinal ring
anterior wall = external oblique aponeurosis
Posterior wall = Conjoint tendon medially
Roof = Fibres of internal oblique + transversus abdominus muscle
floor= Lower edge of the inguinal ligament
identify bony landmarks of the pubic bones
pubic bones :
sacro-iliac joints +anterior scar-iliac ligament
inferiorly = pubic symphis
superior pubic ligament in the middle + pubic symphis +pubic crest +pubic tubercle+pectineal line+pubic crest
location of 9 regions and 4 quadrants
9
1-Right hypochondriac 2-Epigastric region 3-Left hypochondriac 4-Right Flank 5-Umbilical region 6-Left flank 7-Right iliac fossa 8-SupraPubic region 9-Left iliac fossa
peritoneal cavity
6
serous membrane = small amount of peritoneal fluid
parietal peritoneum = lines abdominopelvic cavity
Visceral Peritoenum = covers ABS + organs
divided into :
greater and lesser sacs
the lesser and greater omenta: omenta = double folds of the peritoneum
-lesser omentum= from the stomach to the liver
Greater omentum =stomach and extends downwards, and moves to protect us towards the side of infection to limit the spread of the infection in the abdominal cavity.
lymphatic drainage of the abdominal cavity
Foregut = pre-aortic lymph nodes
Midgut=pre-aortic lymph nodes
HIndgut =pre-aortic lymph nodes
quadrants of ABS
4
One line down centre = median plane dissected by transumbilical plane .
1-Right Upper Quadrant
2-Left Upper Quadrant
3-Right lower Quadrant
4-Left Lower Quadrant
what are mesenteries?
2
1- double layer folds of the peritoneum
2- small Intestine = anchors SI to the abdominal wall
what is the transverse meso-colon?
1
1-broad meso-fold of the peritoneum, which connects the transverse colon to the posterior wall
embryological development
3
1- Foregut –> esophagus, liver, gall bladder, etc= ARTERIAL SUPPLY FROM COELIAC TRUNK
2-Midgut–>distal duodenum , jejunum , ileum , caecum etc= SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
3-Hindgut–> transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper region of the anal canal = INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
1)Identify the abdominal aorta and the branches of this vessel
2)Describe the course and relations of the abdominal aorta
CSI
Abdomincal Aorta travels through the abdomen through T12 aortic hiatus and terminates at L4 as Illiac arteries
Anterior branches : CSI
1-Celiac trunk
2-Superior Mesenteric
3-Inferior Mesenteric (inferior to Gonadals arteries)
Lateral : renal
1-Middle Suprarenal
2-Renal arteries
Paired lateral:
1-Gonadal
2-Inferior Phrenic Arteries
Posterior :
1-Lumbar
2-Medial Sacral
Identify the inferior vena cava and the tributaries of this vessel
Describe the course and relations of the inferior vena cava
(starts and terminates)
starts at L5 (ascending on the RHS of Abdomininal Aorta)
Passes throuhg diaphragm through T8
Major tributeries : 1-Common illiac veins 2-Lumbar veins (posteriorly ) 3-Right gonadal 4-Renal Veins 5-Right Suprarenal veins 6-Inferior Phrenic 7-Hepatic veins
Identify the coeliac trunk and the branches of this vessel
(3)
CGS
Coeliac trunk :
1-common hepatic branch
2-Left gastric Branch
3-Splenic branch
(stomach , spleen , liver, gall bladder, parts of pancreas and duodenum )
Identify the coeliac trunk and the branches of this vessel
3
Coeliac trunk :
1-common hepatic branch
2-Left gastric Branch
3-Splenic branch
(stomach , spleen , liver, gall bladder, parts of pancreas and duodenum )
Identify the superior mesenteric artery and the branches of this vessel
(MRI)
SMA = supplies SI , proximal half of colon
1-Middle colic branch
2-Right colic branch
3-Illeocolic branch
