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MED YEAR 2 :GI,Endocrine ,Renal and reproductive > Anatomy GI > Flashcards

Anatomy GI Flashcards

1
Q

cutaneous innervation of the anterolateral abdominal wall

FROM T7-L1

A
  • Thoraco-abdomincal nerves T7-11
  • lateral branch of Subcostal nerve T12
  • Anterior branch of Subcostal nerve T12
  • Iliohypogastric nerve L1
  • Ilio-linguinal nerve L1
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2
Q

arterial supply anterolateral abdominal wall

6

A

1-Musculophrenic artery
2-Superior epigastric artery
3-lateral ABS= 10,11th Posterior intercostal arteries
4-central ABS = inferior epigastric
5-superficial epigastric artery =V line
6-Superficial Circumflex arteries =V line

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3
Q

venous drainage of the anterolateral abdominal wall

superior and inferior?
4

A 
blood from plexus-->Internal Thoracic vein + lateral 
thoracic vein (superior )

inferior= superficial, inferior epigastric vein

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4
Q

lymphatic Drainage of the anterolateral abdominal wall

2

A
  • axillary nodes in arm pit = above the transumbilical plane

- superficial inguinal lymph nodes = v line = everything below the transumbilical plane

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5
Q

external oblique

  • where is it
  • fiber direction
A

First most superficial layer of muscle in ABS

  • muscle fibres = hands in front pockets
  • aponeurosis of external oblique muscle = flattened tendon
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6
Q

internal oblique

direction of fibers

A

deep to external oblique= hands-on boobs =

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7
Q

transverse abdominis muscle

A

deep to Transversus abdominis muscle= horizontal fibers

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8
Q

transverse abdominis muscle

2

A

deep to internal oblique muscle= horizontal fibers

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9
Q

rectus sheath

LOOK MORE AT HOW IT IS MADE ( TRY TO UNDERSTAND )

A

encloses rectus abdominus muscles = anterior and posterior part
- anterior part = formed by aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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10
Q

rectus abdominis muscle

3

A
  • The rectus abdominis muscle, also known as the “abdominal muscle”, is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen
  • separated into discrete sections by tendinous intersections
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11
Q

location and boundaries of the superficial inguinal ring

```
anterior wall
posterior wall
roof
floor
4
~~~

A

-Canal located between the deep(internal) and superficial (external) inguinal ring

anterior wall = external oblique aponeurosis

Posterior wall = Conjoint tendon medially

Roof = Fibres of internal oblique + transversus abdominus muscle

floor= Lower edge of the inguinal ligament

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12
Q

identify bony landmarks of the pubic bones

A

pubic bones :
sacro-iliac joints +anterior scar-iliac ligament
inferiorly = pubic symphis

superior pubic ligament in the middle + pubic symphis +pubic crest +pubic tubercle+pectineal line+pubic crest

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13
Q

location of 9 regions and 4 quadrants

9

A 
1-Right hypochondriac
2-Epigastric region
3-Left hypochondriac
4-Right Flank 
5-Umbilical region
6-Left flank 
7-Right iliac fossa
8-SupraPubic region
9-Left iliac fossa
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14
Q

peritoneal cavity

6

A

serous membrane = small amount of peritoneal fluid

parietal peritoneum = lines abdominopelvic cavity
Visceral Peritoenum = covers ABS + organs

divided into :
greater and lesser sacs

the lesser and greater omenta: omenta = double folds of the peritoneum

-lesser omentum= from the stomach to the liver
Greater omentum =stomach and extends downwards, and moves to protect us towards the side of infection to limit the spread of the infection in the abdominal cavity.

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15
Q

lymphatic drainage of the abdominal cavity

A

Foregut = pre-aortic lymph nodes
Midgut=pre-aortic lymph nodes
HIndgut =pre-aortic lymph nodes

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16
Q

quadrants of ABS

4

A

One line down centre = median plane dissected by transumbilical plane .

1-Right Upper Quadrant
2-Left Upper Quadrant
3-Right lower Quadrant
4-Left Lower Quadrant

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17
Q

what are mesenteries?

2

A

1- double layer folds of the peritoneum

2- small Intestine = anchors SI to the abdominal wall

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18
Q

what is the transverse meso-colon?

1

A

1-broad meso-fold of the peritoneum, which connects the transverse colon to the posterior wall

19
Q

embryological development

3

A

1- Foregut –> esophagus, liver, gall bladder, etc= ARTERIAL SUPPLY FROM COELIAC TRUNK

2-Midgut–>distal duodenum , jejunum , ileum , caecum etc= SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

3-Hindgut–> transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper region of the anal canal = INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

20
Q

1)Identify the abdominal aorta and the branches of this vessel
2)Describe the course and relations of the abdominal aorta
CSI

A

Abdomincal Aorta travels through the abdomen through T12 aortic hiatus and terminates at L4 as Illiac arteries

Anterior branches : CSI
1-Celiac trunk
2-Superior Mesenteric
3-Inferior Mesenteric (inferior to Gonadals arteries)

Lateral : renal
1-Middle Suprarenal
2-Renal arteries

Paired lateral:
1-Gonadal
2-Inferior Phrenic Arteries

Posterior :
1-Lumbar
2-Medial Sacral

21
Q

Identify the inferior vena cava and the tributaries of this vessel
Describe the course and relations of the inferior vena cava
(starts and terminates)

A

starts at L5 (ascending on the RHS of Abdomininal Aorta)
Passes throuhg diaphragm through T8

Major tributeries :
1-Common illiac veins 
2-Lumbar veins (posteriorly )
3-Right gonadal 
4-Renal Veins 
5-Right Suprarenal veins 
6-Inferior Phrenic 
7-Hepatic veins
22
Q

Identify the coeliac trunk and the branches of this vessel
(3)
CGS

A

Coeliac trunk :
1-common hepatic branch
2-Left gastric Branch
3-Splenic branch

(stomach , spleen , liver, gall bladder, parts of pancreas and duodenum )

23
Q

Identify the coeliac trunk and the branches of this vessel

3

A

Coeliac trunk :
1-common hepatic branch
2-Left gastric Branch
3-Splenic branch

(stomach , spleen , liver, gall bladder, parts of pancreas and duodenum )

24
Q

Identify the superior mesenteric artery and the branches of this vessel
(MRI)

A

SMA = supplies SI , proximal half of colon
1-Middle colic branch
2-Right colic branch
3-Illeocolic branch

25
Q

Anterior brnahces of Abdomincal aorta

CSI

A

Coelic artery
Superior Meseneteric
Inferior Mesenteric

26
Q

Lateral branches of abdomincal aorta

1) non paired (2)
2) paried (2)

A

1)Non paired
1-Renal arteries
2-Middle Suprarenal arteries

2) Paired
inferior phrenic arteries
gonadals arteries

27
Q

Posterior branches of aorta (2)

A

1-Lumbar

2-Medial Sacral arteries

28
Q

circulation of the liver

A

1- portal circulation (A->C->P->C->Venule)
2-Hepatic artery (30%)
3-portal vein(70%)

29
Q

surface anatomy of the liver

2

A

1-R side = 5th IC space to 10th rib in the midclavicular line
2-L side = 5th IC space
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe

30
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the liver?

Ligaments ? (4)

A 
1-right lobe 
2-Left lobe 
both are seperated by falciform ligament+ coronary ligament 
3-Quadrate lobe 
4-Caudate lobe

The round ligament is the remains of the umbilical vein = Obliterated Umbilical vein. It is a part of the Falciform Ligament

  • the coronary ligament turn into the triangle ligament at the edges of the liver = attaches to the diaphragm
31
Q

Ligaments of the liver?

4

A

1- Falciform ligament
2-Coronary ligament

The round ligament is the remains of the umbilical vein = Obliterated Umbilical vein. It is a part of the Falciform Ligament

  • The coronary ligament turn into the triangle ligament at the edges of the liver = attaches to the diaphragm
32
Q

circulation of the liver

A

1-Hepatic portal vein (75%)
2-Proper Hepatic artery (25%)
Inferior Vena Cava ( systemic Venous system so it picks up venous blood from liver–>RA)
PORTAL SYSTEM ANASTOMOSES

33
Q

Anatomy of the gall bladder

  • where is it
  • Billary tree
  • What is the 2nd part of duodenum called ?
A

Bile stored in the gall bladder, just beneath the liver
(fundus, body , neck–>systic duct)
Tip of the 9th costal cartilage

Gall bladder Billary tree:
1- right hepatic duct + left hepatic duct = common hepatic duct
2-Common + cystic duct =bile duct
3-Bile duct = behind the head of the pancreas + pancreatic duct open into the duodenum

2nd part of duodenum =ampella of vater

34
Q

Hepatic /portal vein system

2

A

This circulation of nutrient-rich blood between the gut and liver is called the portal circulation–>Liver–>Systemic circulation

35
Q

Porto-systemic anastomoses

A

when the blood pressure is high the porto systemic system open ( x>12mm/mg)

like an alternative dual carriage way when motor way is closed

36
Q

where do the pancreatic duct and bile duct normally join ?

cool words

A

1-2nd part of the duodenum surrounded by the sphincter of ODDI
2-THEY open into the hepatopancreatic Ampulla= ampulla OF VATERRRR

37
Q

What lies in the retroperitoneal cavity (9)

SAD PUCKER

A

SAD PUCKER

S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland

A: aorta/IVC

D: duodenum (second and third part)

P: pancreas (except tail)

U: ureters

C: colon (ascending and descending)

K: kidneys

E: Oesophagus

R: rectum

38
Q

descending abdominal aorta branches from diaphragm to iliac

People create such Silly rhymes to learn in school

A 
Phrenic 
Celiac 
Superior Mesenteric 
Suprarenal 
Renal 
Testicular 
Lumbar 
Inferior Mesenteric 
Sacral
39
Q

What are the muscles which support the spine ?
(7)
one group + 4 loners

A 
erector spinae (I love spines)
-Illiocostalis
-Longissimus 
-Spinallis 
( enclosed by thoracic-lumbar fascia)
  • Quadratus lumborum lies infront of the erector spinae group ( 12th rib, upper three lumbar vertebrae + inserts onto medial part of the iliac crest and transverse process of l5 ) ==> Lateral flexion of the spine
  • Psoas major is medial to quadrates lumborum
  • iliacus
  • iliopsoas
40
Q

Psoas major
Where is it ?
Iliacus - where is it ?
what do they both join and make ?

A

Medial to quadratus lumborum ( next to spine)
-arises from T12-L5–>through sacroiliac joint

Illiacus = fills iliac fossa

Iliacus medial fibres + lateral fibres of psoas major join => iliopsoas , passed behind the inguinal ligament

Flexion of HIP joint

41
Q 
Kidney 
- Where are they ?
- What are the veins ?
- What are the arteries ?
(3)
A

in front of rib 11,12 ( behind peritoneum)
Renal vessels:
- veins lie infront of the arteries
( left and right renal veins )
- Renal arteries, below superior mesenteric ( pass sharply backwards) and enter at hilum

42
Q

Bladder
lined with ?
urine enters ?
urine leaves ?

A

smooth muscle lined with mucosa
ureteric ostium where the ureter opens into the bladder
urine level via internal uretheral meatus–>urethra ( urine leaves)

43
Q

what are the nerves going down from the abdomen (lumbar plexus )
I (twice) get laid on Friday
or Intrested in getting lunch on Friday

A 
L1 -Illiohypogastric 
L1-Illioinguinal 
L1,2- Genitofemoral 
L2,3- Lateral cutaneous nerve 
L2,3-Obturator nerve 
L2-4- Femoral nerve
44
Q

what 2 nerves pass through the inguinal canal ?

A

1) ilioinguinal nerve

2) Genitofemoral nerve

MED YEAR 2 :GI,Endocrine ,Renal and reproductive (32 decks)

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