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IEMR > Microanatomy of the Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Microanatomy of the Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of dividing the male reproductive system into four major components?

A

didactic purposes

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1
Q
A

ductus deferens

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2
Q

Where does the spermatozoa develop motility?

A

epididymis

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3
Q

What is the investing layer of peritoneum that is carried by the testis into the scrotum? What are the general components of the Tunica Vaginalis?(2 points)

A

Tunica vaginalis. Visceral layers and the parietal layers

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4
Q

The penis has a pair of what type of glands?

A

Accessory pair of bulbourethral glands of cowpers

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5
Q

What type of sperm is less impervious to elevated temperature conditions while being stored in the epididymis in the scrotal sac: X chromosome sperm or Y chromosome sperm?

A

Y

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5
Q
A

Leydig Cells in the interstitial spaces

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6
Q

What are the other function of sertoli cells besides mediating all metabolic exchange within the systemic compartment?(2-5 points)

A

secretion of inhibin which regulates hormone production, secretion of factors which regulate spermatogenesis, secretion of factors which regualte the functions of Leydig cells and peritubular cells, secretion of tubular fluid and phagocytosis of discarded spermatid cytoplasm

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6
Q

What is the major function of the epididymis?(2-3 points)

A

Accumulation, storage and maturation of spermatozoa

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6
Q

What type of substances do you find in the seminal fluid?(3-4 points) What is the pH?

A

You find fibrinogen, vitamin C, fructose and prostaglandins. It is an alkaline fluid.

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7
Q

How would you be able to identify the Leydig cells in a slide?

A

The Leydig cells are found in a triangular structure in a T/S section of the seminiferous tublues of the slide

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8
Q

Where do sertoli cells rest in the seminferous tubules? The cytoplasm extends to what structure of the tubule?

A

The basement membrane of the seminferous tubules. The cytoplasm extends into the lumen of the tubule.

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8
Q

What are the main three portiosn of the epididymis?

A

The head, body and the tail

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10
Q

How do you identify the primary spermatocyte on a slide?

A

They’re the largest cell in the T/S section of the seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

What are the major steps of spermiogenesis?(3 points)

A

Golgi apparatus eleborates a large vesicle, the acrosomal cap

Centrioles migrate to opposite end, align parallel to the long axis of the nucleus elongates to form the flagellum

Mitochondria become arranged in a helical manner around fibrils, which surround the first part of the flagellum

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10
Q

Occurs singly or in clumps and are embeded in the rich plexus of blood and lymph capillaries which surround the seminferous tubules

A

Leydig cells

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

What is the volume of each semen?

A

3.5 mL

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14
Q

What is produced in the seminiferous tubules?

A

spermatids are produced in this location

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14
Q

What type of cells do you find inside the seminferous tubules?(2 points)

A

You find spermatogenic cells and non-spermatogenic sertoli cells

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14
Q

How do you identify the seconday spermatocyte on a slide?

A

you can’t, they differentiate too fast

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15
Q

What is the process of the morphological change of a spermatid to a spermatozoan?

A

spermiogenesis

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16
Q
A

prostate gland in dog

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17
Q

What zone of the prostate gland makes up the majority of the gland?

A

the peripheral zone

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18
Q

What is the genreal function of sertoli cells?

A

they mediate all metabolic exhcnage within the systemic compatment

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19
Q

What is the characteristic structure of the seminal vesicle?(2-3) What type of magnification?

A

The lumen of each vesicle is highly irregular and recessed giving it a honeycomb appearance at low magnification

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20
Q

What are the two exocrine glands found in the male reproductive system?(2 points)

A

two seminal vesicles and prostate gland

22
Q

What are the four functional components in the male reproductive system?(4 points)

A

The penis, paired duct system, two exocrine glands and testes

23
Q
A

Adult Seminiferous tubules cut in T/S

24
Q

The prostate gland surrounded the neck of what structure?

A

It surrounds the bladder neck.

25
Q

What layer of the tunica vaginalis rests on the capsule of testis? This layer gives rise to what numerous structure?

A

The visceral layer; It gives rise to numerous collagenous septa

25
Q

What is the first step of spermiogenesis?

A

The golgi apparatus elaborates a large vesicle, the acrosomal gap

26
Q
A

epididymis

27
Q

What is the stuctural makeup of the ductus deferens?(3 points)

A

It is a thick walled muscular tube consisting of an inner, intermediate circular and outer longitudinal muscular layer

28
Q

The seminal vesicle secrete up to what percentage of the volume of seminal fluid? What produces the rest?

A

85%. Prostate gland

29
Q
A
31
Q
A

TA is tunica albuginea

RT is rete testis

E is epididymis

32
Q

A complex glandular diverticulum associated with ductus deferens?

A

seminal vesicles

33
Q

What is the condensed fibro-elastic tisssue that invests the cavernous bodies?

A

tunica albuginea

35
Q

What type of cells do you find in the adluminal compartments of the seminiferous tubules? What is the purpose for storing spermatids in the adluminal compartments?

A

spermatids. Protects the spermatids from the immune system

37
Q

What is the second most significant step during spermiogenesis?

A

The centrioles divide into opposite side of the cell, aligning themseleves parallel with the long-axis of the nucleus. They centrioles elongate to form the nucleus

38
Q

What is the epithelial ling of the seminal vesicle? The lipid droplets gives it what type of appearance?

A

psuedostratified tall columnar epithelium. foamy appearance

39
Q

The Leydig cells in wild bush rats and humans contain what special structure? Addtionally, this structure is only found in adult humans. The number increases with age.

A

Elongated cytoplasmic crystals of Reinke

40
Q

The prostate gland surrounded what part of hte uretha?

A

The prostatic urethra or the first part of the urethra and the apex of the prostate gland surrounded the membranous part of the urethra.

42
Q

The seminferious tubules inside the lobules converge into what location in the testis? What is the anatomical purpose of this structure?

A

they converge on rete testis where ductuli efferentes shuttle the spermatids to the epididymis to undergo spermiogenesis

43
Q

The final maturation state of the spermatids takes place in what reproductive structure?

A

Epididymis

44
Q

What are the main types of cells found in the interstitial supporting tissue in the testes? What is their main secretion?

A

Leydig Cells mainly secrete testosterone

45
Q

The testis develops in what wall of the peritoneal cavity?

A

The posterior wall

47
Q
A
47
Q

Extremely long and convoluted duct extending down the posterior aspect of the testis to the lower pole where it becomes the ductus deferens?

A

epididymis

48
Q

What are non-spermatogenic cells found in the male reproductive system?(2 points)

A

Leydig Cells and Sertoli cells

49
Q

Where do you see a change in chromosome number during spermatogenesis?(2 points)

A

Spermatogonia are diploidy cells. The completion of the second meiotic division of the secondary occytes will produce spermatids, haploidy cells

50
Q

What tissue in the penis is responsible for the erection?(2-3 points) What do they surround? Distally, what do they form?

A

paired corpora cavernosa, midline corpus spongiosum. They suround the penile urethra. Distally, they form the glans penis.

51
Q
A

cross-section of the penis

53
Q

The testis is divided into how many lobules? Within each lobule, it is dividied into what range of seminiferous tubules?

A

The testis is divided into 250 lobules; Each lobule is divided into 1-4 seminferous tubules

55
Q

What are the components of the paired duct system?(4 points)

A

ductus efferentis, epididymis, ductus deferens and ejaculatyory duct

56
Q

Conducts spermatozoa form epididymis to the urethra

A

ductus deferens

57
Q

The Junctional Complexes in the seminiferous tubules located towards thes the basal layer divide the tubule into what type of compartments?(2 points)

A

basal compartments and adluminal compartments

58
Q

What type of cells do you find in the interstitial spaces close to the seminferous tubules?

A

Leydig cells

59
Q

What type of glands are found in the prostate gland?(2-4)

A

branched tubulo-acinar glands embedded in a fibromuscular stroma

60
Q
A

Seminiferous Tubules

62
Q

What type of epithelium lined the ductus deferens? How does this make up permit ejaculation(the make up of the ductus deferens)?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium thrown into longitudina folds which permit expansion of duct during ejaculation

63
Q

The ducts of the prostate gland empty to what portion of the urethra?(1 -2 points)

A

it empties into the posterolateral recesses of urethra on either side of hte verumontanum (urethral crest)

64
Q

What is the concentration of spermatozoa per mL of ejaculate? What is the composition of semen?(3 points)

A

50-150 million per mL. Semen consist of spermatozoa and seminal fluid from prostate gland and seminal vesicles.

65
Q

How are sertoli cells associated with one another in the seminiferous tubules?

A

they’re joined together by tight junctions referred to as junctional complexes

IEMR (19 decks)

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