[IEMR14]Hypothalmic-Pituitary Axis Flashcards
What are the main functions of oxytocin?(2 points)
Contractions of the uterus and ejection of milk from lactating breast
The effects of antidiuretic hormone are inhibited by what electrolytes imbalance/hormone group?(3 points)
hypercalcemia, hypokalemia and prostaglandins E
What are the hormones of the anterior pituitary?(7 points)
FSH, LH, ACTH, TRH, Prolactin, GH and MSH
What are the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland?(2 points)
Oxytocin and Vasopressin
Normal Pituitary Gland
What is the most common mass effect of a pituitary adenoma?
bitemporal hemianopsia
What are the general clinical/functional disorders of pituitary disorders?
increased secretion and decreased secretion
What are the general types of morphological disorders when considering pituitary disorders?(3 points)
infalmmatory, necrotic/hemorrhagic, neoplastic
What are the general typesof neoplastic pituitary disorders?(2 points)
functional and non-functional
Are most of the neoplastic pituitary disorders benign are malignant?
benign
What are the effects of suprasellar expanding masses?(3-5 points)
increased intracranial pressure, encroaches on the optic chiasm and may produce bitermporal hemianopsia, its location to the third ventricle, may result in obstructive hydrocephalus, extension into the cavernous sinus could lead to cranial nerve alsy(3,4,5 and , 6) and extention intothe hypothalmus could result in diabetes inpidus
What percentage of the pituitary gland must be destroyed to produce complete hypopituitaryism?
75% must be destroyed
In adults, hypopituitarism is most commonly due to what pituitary disorders?(3-6 points)
nonfuncitoing pituitary adenoma, Sheehan syndrome, ischemic injury, empty sella syndrome, radiation and surgery
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in children?
craniopharyngiomas
What are the types of hypothalmic lesions that cause hypopituitaryism?(3 points)
Tumors, inflammatory and genetic diseases
What are the general types of hypothalmic tumors that cause hypopituitaryism?(2 points)
benign and malignant
What are the types of maliganant tumors that cause hypopituitaryism?(2 points)
carcinoma of the lung and carcinoma of the breast
What are the types of inflammatory hypothalmic lesions that lead to hypopituitaryism?
sarcoidosis and tuberculous meningitis
Sarcoidosis
What is the sequence of hormone deficiency with the pituitary gland?
GGTAP: Gonadotropin, Growth hormone, thryoid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin
