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IEMR > [IEMR12]Thyroid > Flashcards

[IEMR12]Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperthyroxinemia: thyroxine levels, T3RU, and FTI?

A

High, High and Very High

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2
Q

Where do the parathyroid gland embed themselves after they migrate from pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4?

A

thyroid gland

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3
Q

Elevated Thyroid Binding Globulin: Thyroxine, T3RU and FTI?

A

High, Low, Normal

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4
Q

Does your body prefer to synthesize T4 or T3?

A

T4

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5
Q

How does the second messenger cAMP affect the synthesis of thyroid hormone?

A

The increase in cAMP increases the synthesis of thyroid hormone

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5
Q

Normal RIU and elevated thyroid activity?

A

iodine excess

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6
Q
A

hypothyroidism

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6
Q

What is the Wolf-Chaikoff effect?

A

If you provide more than a reasonable amount of iodine to restore normal thyroid function, it could actually inhibit thyroid function

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7
Q

What enzyme linked the tyrosine molecules to form the thyroid hormones?

A

thyroid peroxidase

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7
Q

What type of test assist in establishing an autoimmune thyroid disease?(3 points)

A

TSHR-Ab(LATS), antimicrosomal or anti-TG antibodies

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8
Q

How does T4 interacting with hormones in the pituitary gland affect T3 production?

A

It increases T3 production by stimulating the conversion of T4 into T3

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9
Q

How is RIU test conducted?

A

123-I is provided orally and iodine uptake is measured 24 hours later. A percentage of 33% or more is normal function but anything much higher than that is indicative of thyroid dysfunction

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9
Q

Low RIU and decreased thryoid activity

A

hypofunction

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11
Q

What thyroid hormone is the most biologically active?

A

T3

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12
Q

What nerve transverse the lateral borders of the thyroid gland?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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12
Q

Normal RIU and decreased thyroid activity?

A

iodine deficiency

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13
Q

If thyroid hormone is deficient during prenatal and postnatal periods, how does this affect the development of the CNS? This makes the child predisposed to what condition?(2 points)

A

It has an adverse effect on the Central Nervous System. The child can become mentally retarded. Moreover, postnatally, the child can have growth retardation

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14
Q

What happens if a thyroid follicle is destroyed due to an infection or some other pathological condition?

A

The person would temporarily become hyperthyroid due to the sudden release of a large amount of thyroid hormones stored in the colloid in the follicle. The person would then become hypothyroid is the problem persist.

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16
Q

The thyroid gland travels from the foramen cecum using what embryological anatomical path?

A

thyroglossal duct

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18
Q

What is the pro hormone, T4 or T3?

A

T4

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19
Q

High RIU and normal thyroid activity?

A

iodine deficiency

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20
Q

How do small changes changes in T4 affect the relative concentrations of TSH levels?

A

It causes large changes in TSH levels

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21
Q

What is the normal range for serum thyroglobulin levels?

A

Less than 40 ng/mL

23
Q

The neural crest derivatives from the ultimobranchial body give rise to what medullary cells in the thyroid? What hormone do they produce?

A

They give rise to medullary C cells that produce calcitonin

24
Q

Why does thyroid hormone cause thyrotoxicosis?

A

The thyroid increases heart rate and contractility leading to severe overstimulation of the heart

25
Q

What is you assessment: High RIU and elevated thyroid activity?

A

hyperfunction

26
Q

What is the normal range for T4 in the plasma?

A

5 to 12 μg/dL

26
Q

High RIU and decreased thyroid activity?

A

severe iodine deficiency

28
Q

Is reverse T3 (rT3) biologically active?

A

NO!

28
Q

Thyroid hormone is necessary for what general metabolic functions in the body?(3 points)

A

basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis and intermediary metabolism

29
Q

How does estrogen affect the amount of circulating thryoxine in woman?

A

It raises the circulating thyroxine levels in woman

31
Q
A

Hyperthyroidism

32
Q

When considering the development of the thyroid gland, it travels from what anatomical location?

A

foramen cecum

33
Q

What is the normal range for T3 in the plasma?

A

80-200 ng/dL

34
Q

Does a man compared to a woman have a larger or a smaller amount of circulating thyroxine?

A

They have a smaller amount of circulating thyroxine

35
Q

When T4 is in the cell, how does the cell dictate its utilization of T4?

A

If T3 is needed, T4 is converted to T3 and it interacts with receptors in the nucleus or receptors in the mitochondria

36
Q

Low RIU and normal thyroid activity?

A

iodine excess

37
Q

Where is the location of thyroid peroxidase?

A

The inner membrane

37
Q

Decreased Thyroid Binding Globulin: Thyroxine, T3RU and FTI?

A

Low, High, Normal

39
Q

The parathyroid migrate from what pharyngeal pouches?

A

3 and 4

40
Q

Low RIU and elevated thyroid activity?

A

servere iodine excess

41
Q

How do the levels of thyroid binding globuin change during pregnancy?

A

It increases as the weeks of pregnancy go up

42
Q

What drug is provided as a substitute in the treatment of hypothyroidism?

A

levothyronine

44
Q

What substances are provided to conduct an imaging test in an effort to assess the thyroid function?**(2 points) **How are they administered?

A

Radioactive Iodine or Technetrium Pertechnetate. They’re administered via IV.

45
Q

Why are basal levels for thyroid hormone not necessary for normal physiological function in the body?

A

The opposite is true. Basal level of thyroid hormone is essential for normal function.

46
Q

What is the most sensitive test when it comes to measuring thyroid function?

A

TSH plasma levels

47
Q

The transport of iodine into the cell depends on what?

A

It is secondary active transport dependent on Sodium Potassium ATPase

48
Q

When does thyroid hormone synthesis begin?(gestation)

A

Around 11 weeks gestation

49
Q

Normal: Thyroxine, T3RU and FTI?

A

Normal, normal and normal

50
Q

Hypothyroxinemia: Thyroxine, T3RU and FTI?

A

Low, Low and very low

51
Q

normal RIU and normal thyroid activity?

A

normal thyroid

52
Q

What gland produces thyrotropin releasing hormone? How does this hormone affect the anterior pituitary gland?

A

the hypothalamus synthesizes thyrotropin releasing hormone which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to synthesize and release thyroid stimulating hormone

53
Q

What is the basic structure of the thyroglobulin molecules used to synthesize T3 and T4?

A

Two tyrosine molecules linke to each other with added iodine

54
Q

Why is thyroid hormone required for normal body growth(hormonal effect)

A

Thyroid hormone increases GH gene expression

55
Q

The main regulatory control of thyroid hormone synthesis and release fro the thyroid gland is located in what organ in the endocrine system?

A

The anterior pituitary gland

56
Q

How do you make T4 work?

A

remove the iodine molecule

57
Q

Why does thyroid hormone have such a long half-life?

A

Thyroid hormones are avidly bound to plasma proteins

IEMR (19 decks)

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