micro: worms

Question 1

enterobius vermicularis

Answer 1

= pinworm, a nematode. anal pruritis, scotch tape test. Tx: bendazoles

Question 2

ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 2

= giant roundworm, a nematode. transmission: fecal-oral; eggs visible in feces under microscope. -> intestinal infxn w/possible obstruction at ileocecal valve. Tx: bendazoles

Question 3

strongyloides

Answer 3

transmission: larvae in soil penetrate skin. -> intestinal infxn -> D/V, epigastric pain (mimics peptic ulcur). Tx: ivermectin or bendazoles

Question 4

ancylostoma, necator

Answer 4

= hookworms. transmission: larvae penetrate skin. -> intestinal infxn -> anemia by sucking blood from intestinal walls. Tx: bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

Question 5

trichinella spiralis

Answer 5

transmission: fecal-oral; undercooked meat (esp. pork). -> intestinal infxn, larvae enter bloodstream and encyst in striated muscle cells -> muscle inflam. trichinosis = fever, N/V, periorbital edema, myalgia. Tx: bendazoles

Question 6

onchocerca volvulus

Answer 6

transmission: female blackfly bite. -> hyperpigmented skin and river blindness (black flies, black skin nodules, black sight); allergic rxn to microfilaria. Tx: ivermectin (IVER for RIVER blindness)

Question 7

loa loa

Answer 7

transmission: deerfly, horsefly, mangofly. -> skin swelling. worm in conjuntiva. Tx: diethylcarbamazine

Question 8

wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 8

transmission: female mosquito. -> elephantiasis: worms block lymphatics: takes 9mo-1yr to get Sx. Tx: diethylcarbamazine

Question 9

toxocara canis

Answer 9

transmission: fecal-oral. -> visceral larva migrans. Tx: bendazoles

Question 10

nematode routes of infxn: ingestion

Answer 10

you’ll get sick if you EATT these: Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara, Trichinella

Question 11

nematode routes of infxn: cutaneous

Answer 11

these get into your feet from the SANd: Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator

Question 12

nematode routes of infxn: bites

Answer 12

lay LOW to avoid getting bitten: Loa loa, Onchocerca, Wuchereria

Question 13

taenia solium

Answer 13

= tapeworm. larvae from undercooked pork -> intestinal infxn, Tx: praziquantel.
egg ingestion - > cysticerocosis, neurocysticercosis. Tx: praziquantel, albendazole for neuro.

Question 14

diphylloborothrium latum

Answer 14

ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish -> vit B12 def b/c tapeworm competes for B12 in the intestine) -> megaloblastic anemia. Tx: praziquantel

Question 15

echinococcus granulosus

Answer 15

ingestion of eggs from dog feces (sheep = intermediate host) -> hydatid cysts in liver -> anaphylaxis if Ag released, so need to inject ethanol or hypertonic saline to kill daughter cysts before removal. Tx: albendazole

Question 16

schistosoma

Answer 16

tranmission: snails = host, cercariae penetrate skin of humans. S. mansoni (egg w/lateral spine) -> HSM, fibrosis, inflammation. chronic infxn w/S. haematobium (egg w/terminal spine) -> squamous cell CA of bladder -> painless hematuria, + pulm HTN. Tx: praziquantel

Question 17

clonorchis sinensis

Answer 17

transmission: undercooked fish. -> biliary tract inflam -? pigmented gallstones. associated w/cholangiocarcinoma. Tx: praziquantel.

Question 18

biliary tract dz, cholangioCA

Answer 18

clonorchis sinensis

Question 19

brain cysts, seizures

Answer 19

taenia solium

Question 20

hematuria, squamous cell bladder CA

Answer 20

schistosoma haematobium

Question 21

liver (hydatid) cysts

Answer 21

echinococcus granulosus

Question 22

microcytic anemia

Answer 22

ancylostoma, necator

Question 23

myalgias, periorbital edema

Answer 23

trichinella spiralis

Question 24

perianal pruritis

Answer 24

enterobius

Question 25

portal HTN

Answer 25

schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum

Question 26

vit B12 def

Answer 26

diphylloborthrium latum