heme/onc Flashcards
vWF receptor
GpIb
fibrinogen receptor on plts
GpIIb/IIIa
plt dense granules
ADP, Ca
plt alpha granules
vWF, fibrinogen
neutrophil granule contents
ALP, collagenase, lysozyme, lactoferrin.
azurophilic neurophil granule contents
proteinases, acid phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, beta-glucuronidase
hypersegmented PMNs
5+ lobes. seen in B12/folate def.
neutrophil chemotactic agents
C5a, IL-8, LTB4, kallikrein, plt-activating factor
monocyte histo
large, kidney-shaped nucleus. lots of “frosted-glass” cytoplasm
lipid A
from bacterial LPS. binds CD14 on macrophages -> shock
causes of eosinophilia
NAACP: neoplasia, asthma, allergic processes, chronic adrenal insufficiency, parasites (invasive)
basophilia
rare. can be a sign of CML
basophils
mediate allergic rxn. granules contain heparin + histamine. synthesize + release leukotrienes on demand
dendritic cell
highly phagocytic APC. link between innate + adaptive immunity. = langerhans in skin.
CD28
necessary costimulatory signal for T cell activation
bradykinin regulators
kallikrein activates, ACE inactivates
target of warfarin
vit K epoxide reductase
factor V leiden
factor V is resistant to inhibition by activated protein C
2 processes of fibrinolysis
- cleavage of fibrin mesh. 2. destruction of coagulation factors
endothelial response to injury
transient vasocontriction via neural stim reflex + endothelin released from damaged cells
step 2 of primary hemostasis
exposure: vWF (from WP bodies and plt alpha-granules) binds exposed collagen
step 3 of primary hemostasis
adhesion: plts bind vWF at site of injury (only), conformational change, release ADP (helps plts adhere) + Ca (necessary for coag cascade) + TXA2
step 4 of primary hemostasis
activation: ADP binds receptor, induces GpIIb/IIIa receptor expression on plt surface
step 5 of primary hemostasis
aggregation: fibrinogen binds GpIIb/IIIa receptor + links plts. temporary plug stops bleeding
pro-aggregation factors
TXA2, dec. blood flow, inc. plt aggregation
anti-aggregation factors
PGI2 + NO (both released by endothelial cells), inc. blood flow, dec. plt aggregation
