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step 1 > heme/onc > Flashcards

heme/onc Flashcards

1
Q

vWF receptor

A

GpIb

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2
Q

fibrinogen receptor on plts

A

GpIIb/IIIa

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3
Q

plt dense granules

A

ADP, Ca

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4
Q

plt alpha granules

A

vWF, fibrinogen

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5
Q

neutrophil granule contents

A

ALP, collagenase, lysozyme, lactoferrin.

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6
Q

azurophilic neurophil granule contents

A

proteinases, acid phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, beta-glucuronidase

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7
Q

hypersegmented PMNs

A

5+ lobes. seen in B12/folate def.

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8
Q

neutrophil chemotactic agents

A

C5a, IL-8, LTB4, kallikrein, plt-activating factor

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9
Q

monocyte histo

A

large, kidney-shaped nucleus. lots of “frosted-glass” cytoplasm

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10
Q

lipid A

A

from bacterial LPS. binds CD14 on macrophages -> shock

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11
Q

causes of eosinophilia

A

NAACP: neoplasia, asthma, allergic processes, chronic adrenal insufficiency, parasites (invasive)

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12
Q

basophilia

A

rare. can be a sign of CML

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13
Q

basophils

A

mediate allergic rxn. granules contain heparin + histamine. synthesize + release leukotrienes on demand

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14
Q

dendritic cell

A

highly phagocytic APC. link between innate + adaptive immunity. = langerhans in skin.

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15
Q

CD28

A

necessary costimulatory signal for T cell activation

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16
Q

bradykinin regulators

A

kallikrein activates, ACE inactivates

17
Q

target of warfarin

A

vit K epoxide reductase

18
Q

factor V leiden

A

factor V is resistant to inhibition by activated protein C

19
Q

2 processes of fibrinolysis

A
  1. cleavage of fibrin mesh. 2. destruction of coagulation factors
20
Q

endothelial response to injury

A

transient vasocontriction via neural stim reflex + endothelin released from damaged cells

21
Q

step 2 of primary hemostasis

A

exposure: vWF (from WP bodies and plt alpha-granules) binds exposed collagen

22
Q

step 3 of primary hemostasis

A

adhesion: plts bind vWF at site of injury (only), conformational change, release ADP (helps plts adhere) + Ca (necessary for coag cascade) + TXA2

23
Q

step 4 of primary hemostasis

A

activation: ADP binds receptor, induces GpIIb/IIIa receptor expression on plt surface

24
Q

step 5 of primary hemostasis

A

aggregation: fibrinogen binds GpIIb/IIIa receptor + links plts. temporary plug stops bleeding

25
Q

pro-aggregation factors

A

TXA2, dec. blood flow, inc. plt aggregation

26
Q

anti-aggregation factors

A

PGI2 + NO (both released by endothelial cells), inc. blood flow, dec. plt aggregation

step 1 (24 decks)

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