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Micro Remediation > Micro Summary: Virulence Factors > Flashcards

Micro Summary: Virulence Factors Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriodes: Bacilus, Prevotella, Porphoryngeus

A

LPS, capsule, enterotoxin

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2
Q

Histotoxic Clostridia: C. perfringens, C. septicum

A

Exotoxins, α toxin

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3
Q

C. tetani

A

Tetanus toxin

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4
Q

C. botulism

A

Exotoxin (neurotoxin), Botulinum toxin (type A most serious, persists the longest in the neuron), Spores: heat-resistant (toxin is heat-sensitive)

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5
Q

C. difficile

A

Toxins A & B: enterotoxins, render intestinal epithelial cells nonfunctional & leaky, chemoattractants for neutrophils, provoke inflammation, Binary toxin: causes cytoskeletal effects

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6
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Adhesions, LPS

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7
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Capsules, Hib, LOS, IgA, obtain iron from transferrin

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8
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Adhesins, CARDS toxin, peroxides, inflammation

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9
Q

Escherichia coli

A

(1) Fimbrial & afimbrial adhesins: All produce a common (type 1) pili that attach to mannose receptors, Pathogenic E. coli have a unique pili (CFA for ETEC) to bind unoccupied receptors; (2) Iron acquisition: Produce siderophores w/ high affinity for iron; (3) Toxins: Endotoxin (LPS): outer membrane, Hemolysin: pyelonephritis, Heat-stable enterotoxin: increases cGMP, Heat-labile enterotoxin: increases cAMP, Shiga toxin: inactivates ribosomes

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10
Q

Salmonella

A

LPS: inflammation, Type III secretion system & effectors: Inv/Spa (entry) & Spi/Ssa (survival in macrophages), Pho/PhoQ: controls gene expression, PagC & outer membrane proteins: resist antimicrobial peptides, Adhesins, Typhoid toxin: damages hot DNA, Vi antigen: capsular polysaccharide, Flagella

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11
Q

Shigella

A

LPS, Ipa proteins, Mxi-Spa TTSS needle, IcsA, IcsB, Shiga toxin

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12
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

LPS, TTSS, plasminogen activator

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13
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Direct actin reorganization (filopodia enhances spread), Phospholipases, proteases, and membrane peroxidation result in host cell damage, Energy parasites

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14
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Osps (surface lipoproteins, differentially expressed, important for attachment/adhesins)

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15
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Capsule, Exotoxins (Edema toxin, Lethal toxin)

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16
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

Capsule, FPI

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17
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Urease & flagella (for higher pH), VacA, cag pathogenicity island (type IV secretion system & CagA), LPD, & inflammation/urease

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18
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Multiple adhesion molecules, exotoxins, cell wall components (LTA, peptidoglycan), exotoxins (hemolysins, enterotoxins, exfoliative epidemolytic scalded skin syndromes, toxic shock syndrome toxin), protein A, polysaccharide capsule, peptidoglycan, LTA, resistance molecules

19
Q

Acinetobacter baumanii

A

Endotoxin

20
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

*Capsule, outer membrane proteins, pili, LOS, IgA-protease, complement-binding proteins

21
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Pili, Opa proteins, LOS

22
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

M protein, LTA, cell wall components: hyaluronic acid (disguise molecular mimicry), C5a peptidases (complement), exotoxins: hemolysisn, streptokinase steptodornase, hyaluronidase, erythrogenic toxin

23
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Adherence: neuraminidase, Immune evasion: IgA protease, Inflammation: LTA, Immune evasion: capsule, Defense damage: pneumolysin

24
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

phagosome, a toxin (listeriolysin O; gene: hlyA) which breaks open the phagosome and allows the bacterium to enter the cytoplasm, an actin tail by actA which propels the microbe around the cell, and sometimes into a neighboring cell, allowing cell to cell spread without leaving the cell (eliminates exposure to antibodies)

25
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Intracellular, (1) replication phase (abundant nutrients) & (2) transmission (limiting nutrients), Inhibition of phago-lysosome fusion by remodeling phagosome to look like the RER by recruiting host secretory vesicles from the ER, Type IV secretion system may allow rapid secretion of effector molecules to modulate phagosome and prevent fusion with lysosomes

26
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

exotoxin A: necrosis, endotoxin: shock, pili: adhesion, enzymes (proteases, elastase): tissue damage, leucocidin: inhibits/kills WBCs, phospholipase C: hemolysin, affects WBCs, capsule (slime layer/biofilms): antiphagocytic, contributes to cystic fibrosis, inferferes w/ antibiotic actio+K32n

27
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

mycolic acids, lipids, liparabinomannan (~LPS), cytolysin, adhesin/invasin genes, secretion systems (ESX loci), allow survival & replication of M. tuberculosis within macrophages using complement receptor

28
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

lipid-rich outer “capsule” contains phenolic glycolipid 1 (PGL-1), acid fast, slow-growing, resides within macrophages & Schwann cells (tropism for peripheral nerves)

29
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria

A

Adhesins, diphtheria toxin: responsible for the disease, inhibits hot cell protein synthesis by ADP-ribosylating elongation factor 2

30
Q

Vibrio cholera

A

Cholera toxin: causes increased cAMP levels in intestines –> fluid & electrolyte loss, Zonula occludens toxin (affects tight junctions) & accessory enterotoxin (forms ion channels),Toxin-coregulated pilus, biofilm production, other adhesins, & other colonization factors

31
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

adhesins: fliamentous hemagglutinin, pertussin toxin, pili, pertussis toxin: A-B exotoxin, increases cAMP, adenylate cyclase: increases cAMP, tracheal cytotoxin derived from peptidoglycan: kills ciliated cells, heat-labile toxin: local damage

32
Q

Poliovirus

A

CNS spread, unenveloped for GI acid, 2A protein (inhibits protein translation), 2BC/3A protein (inhibits vesicle transport), 3C protease (inhibits transcription)

33
Q

HBV

A

4 genes (surface, core, pol, X), chronic infection, HBsAG immune decoy

34
Q

HCV

A

High mutation rate of viral RNA polymerase, protease

35
Q

HSV

A

envelope: acquired from host, tegument: surrounds capsid, capsid: icosahedral, DNA genome: linear dsDNA, Viral DNA synthesis: maintain nucleotide pools in quiescent cells (thymidine kinase & ribonucleotide reductase), Control host cell function: shut-off protein synthesis and block apoptosis (UL41 & g34.5),Control host cell function: toxicity/apoptosis (ICP0), Immune regulation: block complement, antibody and Ag recognition (gE/gI, gC, & ICP47)

36
Q

HPV

A

Enter and remain in latency in keratinocytes, Inactivation of E1 or E2 genes –> integration into host DNA –> up-regulation of E6 &E7 oncogenes –> transformation

37
Q

Norovirus

A

Capsid

38
Q

Rotavirus

A

Nonstructural protein (NSP4): enterotoxin

39
Q

Adenovirus

A

Early genes hijack normal growth resources for viral replication, Immune evasion by blocking cell signaling (E3), Cell destruction (cytopathic effect) releases new virions

40
Q

Hantavirus

A

Envelope glycoproteins

41
Q

Rabies

A

Neuronal tropism, targets ACh receptor

42
Q

EBV

A

Infects B cells or nasopharyngeal cells by CD-21(-like), receptor, Latency & immortalized human B cells

43
Q

Influenza

A

Hemagglutinin (HA) protein: binds carbohydrates, causes fusion for entry into cell, releases viral RNA inside cell, Neurominidase: releases new viral particles to infect new cells, prevents viral aggregation

Micro Remediation (30 decks)

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