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Micro Remediation > Micro Summary: Diseases > Flashcards

Micro Summary: Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriodes: Bacilus, Prevotella, Porphoryngeus

A

B. fragilis, P. bivia, P. melaninogenica, P. gingivalis, Abscess, Bacteremia

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2
Q

Histotoxic Clostridia: C. perfringens, C. septicum

A

Wound (gas, anaerobic cellulitis, simple), organ, septicemia, food poisoining

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3
Q

C. tetani

A

Tetanus (CNS, spastic paralysis)

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4
Q

C. botulism

A

Flaccid paralysis, CN dysfunction, double vision, swallowing difficulties, flaccid paralysis, breathing problems, constipation (infants), classical foodborne botulism: contaminated foods, intoxication, infant botulism: most common form of botulism in US, GI tract colonized, infection, adult infant botulism: GI tract colonized, disrupt normal flroa, toxin production, wound botulism: toxin grows in wound, class A select agent: bioterrorism, biowarfare

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5
Q

C. difficile

A

Hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea

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6
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Acute gastroenteritis

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7
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Children: otitis media/sinusitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, meningitis/bacteremia; Adults: otitis media, sinusitis, LRT

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8
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Persistent cough + erythema multiforme + anemia, thrombotic purpura

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9
Q

Escherichia coli

A

UTIs, neonatal/childhood meningitis

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10
Q

Salmonella

A

Diarrhea (gastroenteritis), enteric fever (typhoid fever)

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11
Q

Shigella

A

Dysentery, GI Symptoms of shigellosis vary from mild diarrhea (no blood) to dysentery (low volume, bloody stool). Shigellosis is usually considered a disease of the colon; it may also involve the ileum? S. sonnei infections usually mildest; S. dysenteriae and S. flexneri more severe

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12
Q

Klebsiella

A

Bloodstream infection, nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection

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13
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Plague, diarrhea, lymphadenitis, Bubonic: most common, fevers, chills, weakness, headache, painful swollen lymph nodes, Pneumonic: infection of lungs, fever, cough, difficulty breathing, bloody sputum, Septicemic: generalized (bloodstream)

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14
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Serovars A-K: trachoma, cervicitis, PID, etc., Serovars L1-L3: lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), Chlamydophila pneumonia: bronchitis & pneumonia, Chlamydophila psittaci: zoonotic, pneumonia (psittacosis)

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15
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

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16
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

“Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Rash localized to extremities, Fever, malaise, severe frontal headache, myalgia and vomiting, Abdominal pain, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, mental confusion, meningitis, respiratory difficulties, renal
dysfunction, and/or myocarditis, Lysis of endothelial cells leads to endothelitis”

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17
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme Disease: Early: bull’s eye expanding rash, malaise, fatigue, headache, fever, chills, myalgia, Early-Disseminated: cranial neuropathy, meningitis, radiculoneuropathy, iritis, encrotizing retinis, cardiac dysfunction, Late: oligoarthritis, dermatologic syndromes, neurologic demylination

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18
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Cutaneous (95%): exposure of abraded skin to spores, purpitic painless papule, black eschar, enlarged lymph nodes, Inhalational (5%): flu-like, mediastinal widening, hemorrhagic mediastinitis, hemorrhagic meningitis, GI (sporadic): uncooked meat, GI symptoms

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19
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

Tularemia: Ulceroglandular, Pharyngeal, Pneumonic, Oculoglandular, Typhoidal, Glandular

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20
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Mild GI inflammation (chronic gastritis), Duodenal or gastric ulcers due to inflammation (ammonia/urease, VacA, CagA), Gastric cancer or lymphoma

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21
Q

Enterococcus faecium

A

Bloodstream infection, endocarditis, UTIs

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22
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Skin & soft tissue disease (abscess, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, myositis, septic arthritis, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, fasciitis), Disseminated disease (toxic shock syndrome (intoxication), septicemia, endocarditis), Device infections (*central venous catheters, implanted devices, post-surgical infections), CA-MRSA (presence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) gene), Superantigens (food poisoning)

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23
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Nosocomial infections w/ IV lines or implanted foreign materials

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24
Q

Acinetobacter baumanii

A

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)

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25
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Meningitis

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26
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

M: acute urethritis, urethral dischare, dysuria, most resolve, F: asymptomatic or cervicitis, urethritis, PID (bilateral abdominal pain, tenderness fever), N: conjunctivitis

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27
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Bacteremia, pneumonia, bone & joint infections, meningitis, endocarditis, Mucosal infections: streptococcal pharyngitis,Pyogenic infections: necrotizing faciitis (attachment from M protein & LTA), Toxigenic: toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever, Non-suppurative or immunologic: rheumatic fever (inadvertent autoimmunity molecular mimicry), poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (hematuria/Coca-cola urine, edema, hypertension)

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28
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Respiratory Disease: upper (otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis) & lower (CA-pneumonia, death), Disseminated: bacteremia, meningitis, bacterial peritonitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis

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29
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Meningitis in babies, bacteremia or meningitis in immunocompromised

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30
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Legionnaires’ disease & Pontiac fever, cough, fever, diarrhea

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31
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Shock, cystic fibrosis, burn infections, catheters (UTIs), & IV lines

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32
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis: cough, fever, difficulty breathing

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33
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

Leprosy

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34
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria

A

C. diphtheriae cells remain on the mucosal epithelium (not invasive), some are absorbed & enter circulation to damage internal organs, causing death

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35
Q

Vibrio cholera

A

“fluid/electrolyte loss & diarrhea, severe cholera: diarrheal fluid has a pale yellow/brown color with flecks of small
white mucous material (““rice water stool””), poor skin turgor, sunken eyes, vomiting, dehydration, cardiac problems, shock, coma, & death”

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36
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

tracheitis and bronchitis, with accumulation of mucus, cells, and bacteria in the airways; mucociliary elevator is impaired; hemorrhages & vomiting

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37
Q

Candida albicans

A

Thrush, esophagus infections, vulvovaginitis

Bloodstream infections

38
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans & gattii

A

Meningitis, meningoencephalitis, bloodstream infections

39
Q

Dermatophytes

A

Zoophilic: tinea corporis (ring worm), Geophilic, Anthropophilic (tinea pedis (athletes foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), onychomycosis (nail))

40
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

PJP (in immunocompromised)

41
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus & niger

A

Respiratory tract, airway colonization, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), tracheobronchitis, sinusitis, aspergilloma, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, disseminated aspergillosis

42
Q

Zygomycoses: mucor, absidia, rhizopus, rhizomucor

A

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in pts w/ metabolic disorders (diabetes) & free iron rich states

43
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Sporotrichosis: non-healing, inflamaed cutaneous nodule that doesn’t respond to antibacteirals w/ lymphatic spread

44
Q

Dematiaceous

A

Fungal meningitis

45
Q

Fusarium

A

Hematological malignancies & bone marrow transplants

46
Q

Scedosporium

A

Infection in immunocompetent

47
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

A

Flu-like respiratory tract infection, mediastinal granuloma, fibrosis, chronic/cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis, disseminated histoplasmosis

48
Q

Coccidiodes immitis

A

Peripheral eosinophilia, erythema nodosum, dissemination to CNS, bones, joints, & skin

49
Q

Blastomyces dermatidis

A

Chronic, granulomatous & suppurative lesions in lungs, dissemination to skin & bones

50
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Bloody diarrhea & liver abscess

51
Q

Acanthamoeba

A

In contact lens wearers

52
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

Brain-eating amoeba causing meningo-encephalitis

53
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Diarrhea, gastroenteritis

54
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Prolonged diarrhea

55
Q

Microsporidium

A

Diarrhea in immunocompromised

56
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Tricomoniasis, Vaginitis, Cervicitis (STI): vaginal discharge, frothy, fish-like odor

57
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

A

Malaria: microvascular disease, hypoglycemia, cerebral malaria, renal failure, pulmonary edema, anemia, multiorgan failure, coma

58
Q

Plasmodium vivax & ovale

59
Q

Babesia

A

Babesiosis & anema

60
Q

Leishmania

A

Cutaneous (skin ulcers, soldiers in Iraq or Afghanistan), Visceral (Kala azar, fevers, hepatosplenomegaly)

61
Q

Trypanosoma

A

American (Chagas, esophageal & colon dysmotility, cardiomyopathy) / African (sleeping sickness, meningo-encephalitis)

62
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Chorioretinitis, Lymphadenopathy, Brain abscesses, Immunocompromised patient: toxoplasma encephalitis (neurological symptoms) & ocular toxoplasmosis (congenital), Congenital toxoplasmosis: results in serious, chorioretinitis, CNS disease

63
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

64
Q

Hookworm (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale)

A

Cutaneous larva migrans

65
Q

Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis)

66
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Hyperinfection syndrome, disseminated

67
Q

Whipworm (trichuris trichiura)

68
Q

Onchocerca, Wuchereria, Brugia

A

Filiariasis, river blindness (onchocerciasis) & elephantiasis

69
Q

Trichinella

A

Trichinellosis / trichinosis, myalgias, & eosinophilia

70
Q

Schistosoma hepatobium, japonicum, & mansoni

A

Acute schistosomiasis (Katayama fever), Chronic schistosomiasis (liver disease, bladder cancer)

71
Q

Taenia solium

A

Neurocysteicercosis: most critical location in brain, causes seizures

72
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Hydatid disease & liver cysts

73
Q

HIV

A

Oral Candidiasis (Thrush), HSV-1 or HSV-2, VZV, MAC, PJP, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, PML, ctyptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

74
Q

HCV

A

Chronic viral infection, Chronic hepatitis, Cryoglobulinemia, Cirrhosis then hepatocellular carcinoma

75
Q

HSV

A

HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV6, HHV7, KSHV

76
Q

HPV

A

skin warts, anogenital warts, laryngeal wrats, oral pappilomatosis, cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer

77
Q

VZV

A

Fever headaches, malaise preceding a exanthematous rash; rash begins on the face, scalp or trunk, and the vesicular lesions are very itchy, usually self-limiting, Herpes zoster (shingles): lesions are clustered & dermatomal, painful

78
Q

West Nile Virus

A

Encephalitis

79
Q

Norovirus

A

Self-limited gastro-enteritis

80
Q

Rotavirus

A

Acute gastroenteritis

81
Q

Adenovirus

A

Epidemic pneumonia + probable viral source

82
Q

Hantavirus

A

Fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, diarrhea, Death from pulmonary edema (respiratory failure) & renal shutdown

83
Q

Rabies

A

Rabies: Abnormal sensation at bite site, Confusion, lethargy, paresis, increased salivation, irrational aggressive actions, Hydrophobia, seizures, paralysis, coma, encephalitis, death

84
Q

Smallpox

A

Variola major/minor: Centrifungal rash, Lesions of same age, Contagious after rash appears

85
Q

VHFs

A

Fever, severe illness, petechiae, unexplained bleeding, shock

86
Q

EBV

A

Acute: Asymptomatic or mononucleosis, Fever, pharyngitis, lympahdenopathy, atypical lymphocytosis, Complication: hepatitis rash (from amoxicillin or penicillin) or beta-lactam splenic rupture; Chronic: Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, non-Hodgkin’s or Hodgkin’s lymphomas, Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD)

87
Q

Influenza

A

Fever, cough, chills, headache, myalgia, malaise, anorexia

88
Q

Mumps

A

Acute viral infection with swelling and tenderness of the parotid and salivary glands, fever, malaise, headache, involvement of parotid and salivary glands (benign)

89
Q

Measles

A

Malaise, fever, runny nose, respiratory symptoms (cough) precede the rash, Rash: begins on face, proceeds down body, with extremities last. Erythematous and maculopapular

90
Q

Rubella

A

Subclinical infection, rash develops in symptomatic individuals, Infection in early gestation very dangerous, can lead to fetal death, premature delivery and congenital defects, such as deafness, myopia, heart disease, mental retardation

Micro Remediation (30 decks)

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