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Micro Remediation > Micro Summary: Diseases > Flashcards

Micro Summary: Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriodes: Bacilus, Prevotella, Porphoryngeus

A

B. fragilis, P. bivia, P. melaninogenica, P. gingivalis, Abscess, Bacteremia

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2
Q

Histotoxic Clostridia: C. perfringens, C. septicum

A

Wound (gas, anaerobic cellulitis, simple), organ, septicemia, food poisoining

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3
Q

C. tetani

A

Tetanus (CNS, spastic paralysis)

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4
Q

C. botulism

A

Flaccid paralysis, CN dysfunction, double vision, swallowing difficulties, flaccid paralysis, breathing problems, constipation (infants), classical foodborne botulism: contaminated foods, intoxication, infant botulism: most common form of botulism in US, GI tract colonized, infection, adult infant botulism: GI tract colonized, disrupt normal flroa, toxin production, wound botulism: toxin grows in wound, class A select agent: bioterrorism, biowarfare

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5
Q

C. difficile

A

Hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea

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6
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Acute gastroenteritis

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7
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Children: otitis media/sinusitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, meningitis/bacteremia; Adults: otitis media, sinusitis, LRT

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8
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Persistent cough + erythema multiforme + anemia, thrombotic purpura

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9
Q

Escherichia coli

A

UTIs, neonatal/childhood meningitis

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10
Q

Salmonella

A

Diarrhea (gastroenteritis), enteric fever (typhoid fever)

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11
Q

Shigella

A

Dysentery, GI Symptoms of shigellosis vary from mild diarrhea (no blood) to dysentery (low volume, bloody stool). Shigellosis is usually considered a disease of the colon; it may also involve the ileum? S. sonnei infections usually mildest; S. dysenteriae and S. flexneri more severe

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12
Q

Klebsiella

A

Bloodstream infection, nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection

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13
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Plague, diarrhea, lymphadenitis, Bubonic: most common, fevers, chills, weakness, headache, painful swollen lymph nodes, Pneumonic: infection of lungs, fever, cough, difficulty breathing, bloody sputum, Septicemic: generalized (bloodstream)

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14
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Serovars A-K: trachoma, cervicitis, PID, etc., Serovars L1-L3: lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), Chlamydophila pneumonia: bronchitis & pneumonia, Chlamydophila psittaci: zoonotic, pneumonia (psittacosis)

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15
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

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16
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

“Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Rash localized to extremities, Fever, malaise, severe frontal headache, myalgia and vomiting, Abdominal pain, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, mental confusion, meningitis, respiratory difficulties, renal
dysfunction, and/or myocarditis, Lysis of endothelial cells leads to endothelitis”

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17
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme Disease: Early: bull’s eye expanding rash, malaise, fatigue, headache, fever, chills, myalgia, Early-Disseminated: cranial neuropathy, meningitis, radiculoneuropathy, iritis, encrotizing retinis, cardiac dysfunction, Late: oligoarthritis, dermatologic syndromes, neurologic demylination

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18
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Cutaneous (95%): exposure of abraded skin to spores, purpitic painless papule, black eschar, enlarged lymph nodes, Inhalational (5%): flu-like, mediastinal widening, hemorrhagic mediastinitis, hemorrhagic meningitis, GI (sporadic): uncooked meat, GI symptoms

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19
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

Tularemia: Ulceroglandular, Pharyngeal, Pneumonic, Oculoglandular, Typhoidal, Glandular

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20
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Mild GI inflammation (chronic gastritis), Duodenal or gastric ulcers due to inflammation (ammonia/urease, VacA, CagA), Gastric cancer or lymphoma

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21
Q

Enterococcus faecium

A

Bloodstream infection, endocarditis, UTIs

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22
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Skin & soft tissue disease (abscess, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, myositis, septic arthritis, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, fasciitis), Disseminated disease (toxic shock syndrome (intoxication), septicemia, endocarditis), Device infections (*central venous catheters, implanted devices, post-surgical infections), CA-MRSA (presence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) gene), Superantigens (food poisoning)

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23
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Nosocomial infections w/ IV lines or implanted foreign materials

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24
Q

Acinetobacter baumanii

A

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)

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25
Neisseria meningitidis
Meningitis
26
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
M: acute urethritis, urethral dischare, dysuria, most resolve, F: asymptomatic or cervicitis, urethritis, PID (bilateral abdominal pain, tenderness fever), N: conjunctivitis
27
Streptococcus pyogenes
Bacteremia, pneumonia, bone & joint infections, meningitis, endocarditis, Mucosal infections: streptococcal pharyngitis,Pyogenic infections: necrotizing faciitis (attachment from M protein & LTA), Toxigenic: toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever, Non-suppurative or immunologic: rheumatic fever (inadvertent autoimmunity molecular mimicry), poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (hematuria/Coca-cola urine, edema, hypertension)
28
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Respiratory Disease: upper (otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis) & lower (CA-pneumonia, death), Disseminated: bacteremia, meningitis, bacterial peritonitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis
29
Listeria monocytogenes
Meningitis in babies, bacteremia or meningitis in immunocompromised
30
Legionella pneumophila
Legionnaires' disease & Pontiac fever, cough, fever, diarrhea
31
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Shock, cystic fibrosis, burn infections, catheters (UTIs), & IV lines
32
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis: cough, fever, difficulty breathing
33
Mycobacterium leprae
Leprosy
34
Corynebacterium diphtheria
C. diphtheriae cells remain on the mucosal epithelium (not invasive), some are absorbed & enter circulation to damage internal organs, causing death
35
Vibrio cholera
"fluid/electrolyte loss & diarrhea, severe cholera: diarrheal fluid has a pale yellow/brown color with flecks of small white mucous material (""rice water stool""), poor skin turgor, sunken eyes, vomiting, dehydration, cardiac problems, shock, coma, & death"
36
Bordetella pertussis
tracheitis and bronchitis, with accumulation of mucus, cells, and bacteria in the airways; mucociliary elevator is impaired; hemorrhages & vomiting
37
Candida albicans
Thrush, esophagus infections, vulvovaginitis | Bloodstream infections
38
Cryptococcus neoformans & gattii
Meningitis, meningoencephalitis, bloodstream infections
39
Dermatophytes
Zoophilic: tinea corporis (ring worm), Geophilic, Anthropophilic (tinea pedis (athletes foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), onychomycosis (nail))
40
Pneumocystis jiroveci
PJP (in immunocompromised)
41
Aspergillus fumigatus & niger
Respiratory tract, airway colonization, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), tracheobronchitis, sinusitis, aspergilloma, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, disseminated aspergillosis
42
Zygomycoses: mucor, absidia, rhizopus, rhizomucor
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in pts w/ metabolic disorders (diabetes) & free iron rich states
43
Sporothrix schenckii
Sporotrichosis: non-healing, inflamaed cutaneous nodule that doesn't respond to antibacteirals w/ lymphatic spread
44
Dematiaceous
Fungal meningitis
45
Fusarium
Hematological malignancies & bone marrow transplants
46
Scedosporium
Infection in immunocompetent
47
Histoplasma capsulatum
Flu-like respiratory tract infection, mediastinal granuloma, fibrosis, chronic/cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis, disseminated histoplasmosis
48
Coccidiodes immitis
Peripheral eosinophilia, erythema nodosum, dissemination to CNS, bones, joints, & skin
49
Blastomyces dermatidis
Chronic, granulomatous & suppurative lesions in lungs, dissemination to skin & bones
50
Entamoeba histolytica
Bloody diarrhea & liver abscess
51
Acanthamoeba
In contact lens wearers
52
Naegleria fowleri
Brain-eating amoeba causing meningo-encephalitis
53
Giardia lamblia
Diarrhea, gastroenteritis
54
Cryptosporidium
Prolonged diarrhea
55
Microsporidium
Diarrhea in immunocompromised
56
Trichomonas vaginalis
Tricomoniasis, Vaginitis, Cervicitis (STI): vaginal discharge, frothy, fish-like odor
57
Plasmodium falciparum
Malaria: microvascular disease, hypoglycemia, cerebral malaria, renal failure, pulmonary edema, anemia, multiorgan failure, coma
58
Plasmodium vivax & ovale
Malaria
59
Babesia
Babesiosis & anema
60
Leishmania
Cutaneous (skin ulcers, soldiers in Iraq or Afghanistan), Visceral (Kala azar, fevers, hepatosplenomegaly)
61
Trypanosoma
American (Chagas, esophageal & colon dysmotility, cardiomyopathy) / African (sleeping sickness, meningo-encephalitis)
62
Toxoplasma gondii
Chorioretinitis, Lymphadenopathy, Brain abscesses, Immunocompromised patient: toxoplasma encephalitis (neurological symptoms) & ocular toxoplasmosis (congenital), Congenital toxoplasmosis: results in serious, chorioretinitis, CNS disease
63
Ascaris lumbricoides
Anemia
64
Hookworm (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale)
Cutaneous larva migrans
65
Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis)
Anal itch
66
Strongyloides stercoralis
Hyperinfection syndrome, disseminated
67
Whipworm (trichuris trichiura)
Anemia
68
Onchocerca, Wuchereria, Brugia
Filiariasis, river blindness (onchocerciasis) & elephantiasis
69
Trichinella
Trichinellosis / trichinosis, myalgias, & eosinophilia
70
Schistosoma hepatobium, japonicum, & mansoni
Acute schistosomiasis (Katayama fever), Chronic schistosomiasis (liver disease, bladder cancer)
71
Taenia solium
Neurocysteicercosis: most critical location in brain, causes seizures
72
Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid disease & liver cysts
73
HIV
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush), HSV-1 or HSV-2, VZV, MAC, PJP, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, PML, ctyptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis, Kaposi's sarcoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
74
HCV
Chronic viral infection, Chronic hepatitis, Cryoglobulinemia, Cirrhosis then hepatocellular carcinoma
75
HSV
HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV6, HHV7, KSHV
76
HPV
skin warts, anogenital warts, laryngeal wrats, oral pappilomatosis, cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer
77
VZV
Fever headaches, malaise preceding a exanthematous rash; rash begins on the face, scalp or trunk, and the vesicular lesions are very itchy, usually self-limiting, Herpes zoster (shingles): lesions are clustered & dermatomal, painful
78
West Nile Virus
Encephalitis
79
Norovirus
Self-limited gastro-enteritis
80
Rotavirus
Acute gastroenteritis
81
Adenovirus
Epidemic pneumonia + probable viral source
82
Hantavirus
Fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, diarrhea, Death from pulmonary edema (respiratory failure) & renal shutdown
83
Rabies
Rabies: Abnormal sensation at bite site, Confusion, lethargy, paresis, increased salivation, irrational aggressive actions, Hydrophobia, seizures, paralysis, coma, encephalitis, death
84
Smallpox
Variola major/minor: Centrifungal rash, Lesions of same age, Contagious after rash appears
85
VHFs
Fever, severe illness, petechiae, unexplained bleeding, shock
86
EBV
Acute: Asymptomatic or mononucleosis, Fever, pharyngitis, lympahdenopathy, atypical lymphocytosis, Complication: hepatitis rash (from amoxicillin or penicillin) or beta-lactam splenic rupture; Chronic: Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, non-Hodgkin's or Hodgkin's lymphomas, Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD)
87
Influenza
Fever, cough, chills, headache, myalgia, malaise, anorexia
88
Mumps
Acute viral infection with swelling and tenderness of the parotid and salivary glands, fever, malaise, headache, involvement of parotid and salivary glands (benign)
89
Measles
Malaise, fever, runny nose, respiratory symptoms (cough) precede the rash, Rash: begins on face, proceeds down body, with extremities last. Erythematous and maculopapular
90
Rubella
Subclinical infection, rash develops in symptomatic individuals, Infection in early gestation very dangerous, can lead to fetal death, premature delivery and congenital defects, such as deafness, myopia, heart disease, mental retardation

Micro Remediation (30 decks)

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